Day 8：動詞問題 ― 時制・態・主述一致を攻略する

なぜやるか

Day 1〜7で品詞問題を徹底的に練習しました。空欄の前後を見て品詞を判断する力は、かなり身についたはずです。

今日からは動詞問題に入ります。

Part 5の文法問題には、品詞問題のほかに「動詞の形を選ぶ問題」があります。選択肢に同じ動詞の異なる形（is / was / has been / will be など）が並んでいたら、動詞問題です。

動詞問題で問われるのは3つだけです。

1. 時制：いつの話か？（現在・過去・未来・完了）
2. 態：主語は動作をする側か、される側か？（能動態・受動態）
3. 主述一致：主語が単数か複数か？

この3つを順番にチェックすれば、動詞問題は確実に正解できます。

本編

①時制の選び方

英語の時制は、文中の時を表す語句（時制マーカー）で判断します。

解き方：文中に時制マーカーがあれば、それに合う時制を選ぶ。

②能動態 vs 受動態

解き方：主語と動詞の関係を考える。「主語は〜する」なら能動態、「主語は〜される」なら受動態。

受動態でよく使われる動詞：
– be required（要求される）
– be expected（期待される）
– be scheduled（予定されている）
– be designed（設計されている）
– be distributed（配布される）

③主語と動詞の数の一致

注意すべきパターン：
– 主語と動詞の間に前置詞句が入る：The results of the survey show … → 主語は results（複数）
– each / every + 名詞は単数扱い：Each employee has … / Every department is …

やり方

確認問題（40問）

Section A｜時制判定（基礎）目安15分・1問90秒

以下の文の空欄に入る最も適切な動詞の形を(A)〜(D)から選んでください。

Q1. The company _____ a new training program last month.

(A) launches
(B) launched
(C) has launched
(D) will launch

Q2. The factory _____ over 500 units every day.

(A) produced
(B) produces
(C) has produced
(D) will produce

Q3. The team _____ the final report by next Friday.

(A) completes
(B) completed
(C) has completed
(D) will complete

Q4. Ms. Tanaka _____ the marketing department since 2019.

(A) leads
(B) led
(C) has led
(D) will lead

Q5. The maintenance crew _____ the building’s heating system two weeks ago.

(A) replaces
(B) replaced
(C) has replaced
(D) will replace

Q6. The department _____ weekly meetings to share project updates.

(A) conducts
(B) conducted
(C) has conducted
(D) will conduct

Q7. Customer satisfaction _____ significantly since the new support system was introduced.

(A) improves
(B) improved
(C) has improved
(D) will improve

Q8. The company _____ a new branch office in Singapore next quarter.

(A) opens
(B) opened
(C) has opened
(D) will open

Q9. The operations team _____ the packaging process before the new regulations took effect.

(A) reviews
(B) reviewed
(C) had reviewed
(D) will review

Q10. The supervisor _____ the safety manual to all new employees every year.

(A) distributes
(B) distributed
(C) has distributed
(D) will distribute

Section B｜動詞問題（時制・態）目安20分・1問80秒

空欄に入る最も適切な語を(A)〜(D)から選んでください。

Q11. The quarterly report _____ by the accounting team before it was submitted to the board.

(A) reviewed
(B) was reviewed
(C) reviews
(D) has reviewed

Q12. All participants _____ to provide identification before entering the building.

(A) require
(B) required
(C) are required
(D) have requiring

Q13. The new product line _____ in March and has been popular ever since.

(A) launched
(B) was launched
(C) launches
(D) is launched

Q14. The construction crew _____ the renovation of the lobby since last Monday.

(A) handles
(B) handled
(C) has been handling
(D) will handle

Q15. The meeting room _____ for the leadership conference tomorrow morning.

(A) prepares
(B) prepared
(C) is being prepared
(D) has prepared

Q16. Each department head _____ a monthly performance summary to the director.

(A) submit
(B) submits
(C) are submitted
(D) have submitted

Q17. The budget for the marketing campaign _____ by the finance department last week.

(A) approves
(B) approved
(C) was approved
(D) has approved

Q18. The results of the customer survey _____ that most clients prefer online support.

(A) suggests
(B) suggest
(C) is suggested
(D) was suggesting

Q19. The project deadline _____ until the end of March by the project manager.

(A) extended
(B) was extended
(C) extends
(D) has extending

Q20. The IT department _____ a detailed report about the security issues yesterday.

(A) provides
(B) provided
(C) was provided
(D) is providing

Q21. New employees _____ to attend the orientation session on their first day.

(A) expect
(B) expected
(C) are expected
(D) will expecting

Q22. The manager _____ the sales team to focus on customer retention for this quarter.

(A) advise
(B) advises
(C) is advised
(D) advising

Q23. The annual budget _____ already _____ by the time the new fiscal year begins.

(A) will … be determined
(B) was … determined
(C) will … have been determined
(D) has … determined

Q24. The company _____ its operations to three new countries over the past year.

(A) expands
(B) expanded
(C) has expanded
(D) will expand

Q25. Safety guidelines _____ to all visitors at the entrance of the facility.

(A) explain
(B) explains
(C) was explained
(D) are explained

Section C｜動詞問題（実戦レベル・混合）目安25分・1問100秒

Q26. The renovation of the main office _____ three months ago, and the work is expected to be finished by June.

(A) begins
(B) began
(C) has begun
(D) was begun

Q27. The staff meeting _____ every Monday at 9 A.M. in the conference room.

(A) is held
(B) holds
(C) held
(D) was held

Q28. The number of customer complaints _____ significantly after the company improved its support system.

(A) decrease
(B) decreases
(C) is decreased
(D) decreased

Q29. All employees _____ about the schedule change by e-mail yesterday.

(A) remind
(B) reminded
(C) have reminded
(D) were reminded

Q30. The proposal _____ to the board of directors at next week’s meeting.

(A) presents
(B) presented
(C) has presented
(D) will be presented

Q31. The customer service team _____ over 200 inquiries since the product was released.

(A) handles
(B) handled
(C) is handled
(D) has handled

Q32. The software update _____ to all company computers by the IT department last night.

(A) distributes
(B) distributed
(C) has distributed
(D) was distributed

Q33. Mr. Yamada _____ the logistics team and manages all shipment operations.

(A) leads
(B) lead
(C) is led
(D) was leading

Q34. The training materials _____ by the human resources department before the workshop begins.

(A) will be prepared
(B) will prepare
(C) prepares
(D) has prepared

Q35. Production costs _____ by 15 percent since the company switched to a new supplier.

(A) reduces
(B) reduced
(C) will reduce
(D) have been reduced

Q36. The company _____ a detailed description of each product on its Web site.

(A) provides
(B) provide
(C) is provided
(D) are providing

Q37. A number of applicants _____ already _____ for the open position in the sales department.

(A) have … applied
(B) has … applied
(C) was … applied
(D) is … applying

Q38. The shipment _____ to arrive at the warehouse by Thursday.

(A) is scheduled
(B) scheduled
(C) schedules
(D) has scheduling

Q39. The newly created marketing strategy _____ the company to attract a wider audience.

(A) helps
(B) help
(C) is helped
(D) are helped

Q40. All orders _____ within 24 hours of being placed on our Web site.

(A) are processed
(B) processes
(C) process
(D) was processed

今日の重要語（10語）

Day 8 まとめ

今日のチェックリスト

• [ ] 時制マーカー（last, since, next, every など）で時制を判断できるようになった
• [ ] 主語が動作をする側か・される側かで能動態・受動態を判断できるようになった
• [ ] 主語と動詞の数の一致（each は単数、A number of は複数）を理解した
• [ ] 動詞問題を40問解いた
• [ ] 間違えた問題のパターンを確認した

今日の重要単語（36語）

以下の単語を「英語→意味」の順で5回以上高速で繰り返してください。

明日の予告

Day 9では前置詞と接続詞の見分け方を学びます。「despite と although の違い」「during と while の違い」など、後ろの形を見るだけで正解が分かるテクニックを身につけます。

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