Day 16:頻出構文パターン ― 知っていれば秒で解ける定型表現
なぜやるか
Part 5には構文パターンを問う問題が毎回1〜2問出ます。
選択肢に not only / either / both / as … as が並んでいたら、このタイプです。
「構文」と聞くと難しそうですが、パターンの組み合わせを覚えるだけです。片方を見たらもう片方が自動的に決まるので、見た瞬間に正解がわかります。
本編
①not only A but also B(AだけでなくBも)
| 構文 | 意味 | 例 |
|---|---|---|
| not only A but also B | AだけでなくBも | The service is not only fast but also affordable. |
ポイント:A と B には同じ形(品詞)が入る。
- not only 形容詞 but also 形容詞
- not only 名詞 but also 名詞
②either A or B / neither A nor B
| 構文 | 意味 | 例 |
|---|---|---|
| either A or B | AかBのどちらか | You can contact either Mr. Tanaka or Ms. Park. |
| neither A nor B | AもBもどちらも〜ない | The report was neither accurate nor complete. |
ポイント:either → or / neither → nor の組み合わせは固定。A と B は同じ形。
③both A and B(AもBも両方)
| 構文 | 意味 | 例 |
|---|---|---|
| both A and B | AもBも両方 | The workshop is open to both managers and staff. |
ポイント:both → and の組み合わせは固定。both A and B が主語のとき、動詞は複数形。
④so ~ that … / such ~ that …(とても〜なので…)
| 構文 | 意味 | 使い分け |
|---|---|---|
| so + 形容詞/副詞 + that … | とても〜なので… | The presentation was so clear that everyone understood. |
| such + 名詞(句) + that … | とても〜なので… | It was such a useful workshop that we held it again. |
使い分け:
– so の後ろ → 形容詞 / 副詞
– such の後ろ → 名詞(句)
⑤as ~ as(原級比較)
| 構文 | 意味 | 例 |
|---|---|---|
| as + 形容詞/副詞 + as | 〜と同じくらい | This model is as efficient as the previous one. |
| not as + 形容詞/副詞 + as | 〜ほど…ない | The new office is not as large as the old one. |
ポイント:as と as の間には形容詞 / 副詞の原形が入る(比較級ではない)。
⑥比較級 + than
| 構文 | 意味 | 例 |
|---|---|---|
| 比較級 + than | 〜よりも… | This plan is more practical than the previous one. |
| much / far / even + 比較級 | はるかに〜 | The results were far better than expected. |
ポイント:
– 比較級の作り方:short → shorter / important → more important
– 比較級を強調:much / far / even / significantly + 比較級
⑦the + 最上級 + in/of
| 構文 | 意味 | 例 |
|---|---|---|
| the + 最上級 + in + 場所/範囲 | 〜の中で最も… | This is the largest factory in the country. |
| the + 最上級 + of + 複数 | 〜の中で最も… | She is the most experienced of all candidates. |
使い分け:
– in → 場所・範囲(in the company, in the world)
– of → 複数のもの(of all, of the three)
やり方
| 順番 | 内容 | 目安時間 |
|---|---|---|
| ① | 上の本編を読んで、7つの構文パターンを理解する | 10分 |
| ② | Section A(Q1〜10):構文パターンの判定 | 10分(1問60秒) |
| ③ | Section B(Q11〜25):構文問題 | 20分(1問80秒) |
| ④ | Section C(Q26〜40):混合問題(構文中心) | 25分(1問100秒) |
| ⑤ | 間違えた問題を確認。各構文パターンの組み合わせを再確認する | 5分 |
確認問題(40問)
Section A|構文パターンの判定(基礎)目安10分・1問60秒
空欄に入る最も適切な語を(A)〜(D)から選んでください。
Q1. The new system is not only efficient _____ easy to use.
(A) and
(B) or
(C) but also
(D) nor
解答を見る
正解:(C) but also
not only A _____ B → but also が入る。
- (A) and → both A and B のペア
- (B) or → either A or B のペア
- (C) but also → not only A but also B ✓
- (D) nor → neither A nor B のペア
Q2. You may submit the form _____ by email or by fax.
(A) both
(B) either
(C) neither
(D) not only
解答を見る
正解:(B) either
_____ by email or by fax → or とペアになるのは either。
- (A) both → and とペア
- (B) either → or とペア ✓
- (C) neither → nor とペア
- (D) not only → but also とペア
Q3. This laptop is _____ expensive as the one we purchased last year.
(A) so
(B) as
(C) more
(D) most
解答を見る
正解:(B) as
_____ expensive as → as ~ as(原級比較)。
- (A) so → so ~ that のパターン
- (B) as → as ~ as ✓
- (C) more → more ~ than のパターン
- (D) most → the most ~ のパターン
Q4. The demand was _____ high that the company could not keep up with production.
(A) such
(B) so
(C) very
(D) too
解答を見る
正解:(B) so
_____ high that → so + 形容詞 + that。
- (A) such → such + 名詞句 + that
- (B) so → so + 形容詞 + that ✓
- (C) very → very + 形容詞(that は続かない)
- (D) too → too + 形容詞 + to do
Q5. _____ employees and managers are required to attend the safety training.
(A) Either
(B) Neither
(C) Both
(D) Not only
解答を見る
正解:(C) Both
_____ employees and managers → and とペアになるのは Both。
- (A) Either → or とペア
- (B) Neither → nor とペア
- (C) Both → and とペア ✓
- (D) Not only → but also とペア
Q6. The new office building is much _____ than the old one.
(A) large
(B) larger
(C) largest
(D) as large
解答を見る
正解:(B) larger
much _____ than → 比較級 + than。
- (A) large → 原形
- (B) larger → 比較級 ✓
- (C) largest → 最上級
- (D) as large → 原級比較
Q7. This is the _____ hotel in the entire city.
(A) comfortable
(B) more comfortable
(C) most comfortable
(D) as comfortable
解答を見る
正解:(C) most comfortable
the _____ hotel in the city → the + 最上級 + in。
- (A) comfortable → 原形
- (B) more comfortable → 比較級
- (C) most comfortable → 最上級 ✓
- (D) as comfortable → 原級比較
Q8. The fare for the express train is _____ higher than the regular train.
(A) very
(B) significantly
(C) most
(D) as
解答を見る
正解:(B) significantly
_____ higher than → 比較級を強調する副詞。
- (A) very → 比較級の前では使えない
- (B) significantly → 比較級を強調 ✓
- (C) most → 最上級
- (D) as → as ~ as のパターン
Q9. _____ the manager nor the staff knew about the schedule change.
(A) Both
(B) Either
(C) Neither
(D) Not only
解答を見る
正解:(C) Neither
_____ the manager nor the staff → nor とペアになるのは Neither。
- (A) Both → and とペア
- (B) Either → or とペア
- (C) Neither → nor とペア ✓
- (D) Not only → but also とペア
Q10. It was _____ a successful event that the company decided to hold it annually.
(A) so
(B) such
(C) very
(D) too
解答を見る
正解:(B) such
_____ a successful event that → such + 名詞句 + that。
- (A) so → so + 形容詞 + that
- (B) such → such + 名詞句 + that ✓
- (C) very → that は続かない
- (D) too → too + 形容詞 + to do
Section B|構文問題 目安20分・1問80秒
空欄に入る最も適切な語を(A)〜(D)から選んでください。
Q11. The workshop is designed not only for new employees _____ for senior managers.
(A) and also
(B) but also
(C) or also
(D) nor also
解答を見る
正解:(B) but also
not only for A _____ for B → but also。
- (A) and also → 不正
- (B) but also → not only A but also B ✓
- (C) or also → 不正
- (D) nor also → 不正
Q12. The new suit fits Mr. Tanaka _____ well as the custom one he ordered last year.
(A) so
(B) very
(C) as
(D) too
解答を見る
正解:(C) as
_____ well as → as ~ as(原級比較)。
- (A) so → so ~ that
- (B) very → 強調
- (C) as → as ~ as ✓
- (D) too → too ~ to do
Q13. The company earned significantly _____ revenue this quarter than last quarter.
(A) much
(B) more
(C) most
(D) many
解答を見る
正解:(B) more
significantly _____ revenue … than → 比較級 + than。
- (A) much → 原形
- (B) more → 比較級 ✓
- (C) most → 最上級
- (D) many → 原形
Q14. The presentation was so _____ that the audience requested a longer session.
(A) inform
(B) information
(C) informative
(D) informatively
解答を見る
正解:(C) informative
so _____ that → so + 形容詞 + that。
- (A) inform → 動詞
- (B) information → 名詞
- (C) informative → 形容詞 ✓
- (D) informatively → 副詞
Q15. Employees may choose _____ a morning shift or an afternoon shift.
(A) both
(B) either
(C) neither
(D) whether
解答を見る
正解:(B) either
_____ a morning shift or an afternoon shift → either A or B。
- (A) both → and とペア
- (B) either → or とペア ✓
- (C) neither → nor とペア
- (D) whether → 「〜かどうか」
Q16. The balance of quality and affordability makes this the _____ option of all the products we reviewed.
(A) good
(B) better
(C) best
(D) well
解答を見る
正解:(C) best
the _____ option of all → the + 最上級 + of。
- (A) good → 原形
- (B) better → 比較級
- (C) best → 最上級 ✓
- (D) well → 副詞
Q17. The storm caused _____ damage that multiple flights were canceled.
(A) so
(B) such
(C) very
(D) enough
解答を見る
正解:(B) such
_____ damage that → such + 名詞 + that。
- (A) so → so + 形容詞 + that
- (B) such → such + 名詞(句)+ that ✓
- (C) very → that は続かない
- (D) enough → enough + to do
Q18. The minimum order amount is not as _____ as most customers expect.
(A) height
(B) highly
(C) higher
(D) high
解答を見る
正解:(D) high
not as _____ as → as ~ as の間には原形が入る。
- (A) height → 名詞
- (B) highly → 副詞
- (C) higher → 比較級
- (D) high → 形容詞の原形 ✓
Q19. The content of the report was praised _____ by the board and by the shareholders.
(A) either
(B) neither
(C) both
(D) not only
解答を見る
正解:(C) both
_____ by the board and by the shareholders → both A and B。
- (A) either → or とペア
- (B) neither → nor とペア
- (C) both → and とペア ✓
- (D) not only → but also とペア
Q20. This year’s sales figures are far _____ than what we initially projected.
(A) good
(B) well
(C) best
(D) better
解答を見る
正解:(D) better
far _____ than → 比較級を強調。
- (A) good → 原形
- (B) well → 副詞の原形
- (C) best → 最上級
- (D) better → 比較級 ✓
Q21. The scientific research was _____ thorough that it took over a century to complete.
(A) such
(B) enough
(C) very
(D) so
解答を見る
正解:(D) so
_____ thorough that → so + 形容詞 + that。
- (A) such → such + 名詞句 + that
- (B) enough → enough + to do
- (C) very → that は続かない
- (D) so → so + 形容詞 + that ✓
Q22. The workshop covered _____ practical skills and theoretical knowledge.
(A) both
(B) either
(C) neither
(D) whether
解答を見る
正解:(A) both
_____ practical skills and theoretical knowledge → both A and B。
- (A) both → and とペア ✓
- (B) either → or とペア
- (C) neither → nor とペア
- (D) whether → 「〜かどうか」
Q23. Ms. Lee’s proposal is the most _____ of all the plans submitted this quarter.
(A) reason
(B) reasoning
(C) reasonably
(D) reasonable
解答を見る
正解:(D) reasonable
the most _____ of → the + most + 形容詞 + of。
- (A) reason → 名詞
- (B) reasoning → 名詞「推論」
- (C) reasonably → 副詞
- (D) reasonable → 形容詞 ✓
Q24. The new policy allows employees to work _____ from home or from the office.
(A) both
(B) not only
(C) neither
(D) either
解答を見る
正解:(D) either
_____ from home or from the office → either A or B。
- (A) both → and とペア
- (B) not only → but also とペア
- (C) neither → nor とペア
- (D) either → or とペア ✓
Q25. The length of the training program is _____ than we originally expected.
(A) short
(B) shortly
(C) shortest
(D) shorter
解答を見る
正解:(D) shorter
_____ than → 比較級 + than。
- (A) short → 原形
- (B) shortly → 副詞
- (C) shortest → 最上級
- (D) shorter → 比較級 ✓
Section C|混合問題(構文中心)目安25分・1問100秒
空欄に入る最も適切な語を(A)〜(D)から選んでください。
Q26. The product launch was _____ a success that the company decided to expand into new markets.
(A) so
(B) too
(C) very
(D) such
解答を見る
正解:(D) such
_____ a success that → such + 名詞句 + that。
- (A) so → so + 形容詞 + that
- (B) too → too + 形容詞 + to do
- (C) very → that は続かない
- (D) such → such + 名詞句 + that ✓
Q27. The wing of the building _____ is currently under renovation will reopen in March.
(A) who
(B) whom
(C) whose
(D) which
解答を見る
正解:(D) which
the wing _____ is currently → 先行詞が物(wing)で、後ろに動詞 → 主格 → which。
- (A) who → 人
- (B) whom → 人(目的格)
- (C) whose → 所有格
- (D) which → 物 ✓
Q28. The new software enables employees to process data far _____ than the previous system.
(A) faster
(B) fast
(C) fastest
(D) as fast
解答を見る
正解:(A) faster
far _____ than → 比較級を強調。
- (A) faster → 比較級 ✓
- (B) fast → 原形
- (C) fastest → 最上級
- (D) as fast → 原級比較
Q29. The chapter on marketing strategy was not only well-written _____ highly relevant to our business.
(A) but also
(B) and
(C) or
(D) nor
解答を見る
正解:(A) but also
not only well-written _____ highly relevant → not only A but also B。
- (A) but also → not only A but also B ✓
- (B) and → both A and B のペア
- (C) or → either A or B のペア
- (D) nor → neither A nor B のペア
Q30. The investment in new technology has proved to be well worth _____.
(A) it
(B) its
(C) itself
(D) the effort
解答を見る
正解:(D) the effort
worth _____ → worth + 名詞 = 「〜の価値がある」。
- (A) it → 何を指すか不明
- (B) its → 所有格
- (C) itself → 再帰代名詞
- (D) the effort → 名詞「その努力」✓
Q31. The appearance of the new product line is _____ appealing as the competitor’s.
(A) more
(B) most
(C) as
(D) so
解答を見る
正解:(C) as
_____ appealing as → as ~ as(原級比較)。
- (A) more → more ~ than
- (B) most → the most ~
- (C) as → as ~ as ✓
- (D) so → so ~ that
Q32. _____ the bright lighting improved visibility, employees reported less eye strain.
(A) Because
(B) Although
(C) Unless
(D) While
解答を見る
正解:(A) Because
「明るい照明が視認性を改善したので、従業員は目の疲れが減ったと報告した」→ 理由 → Because。
- (A) Because → 理由 ✓
- (B) Although → 逆接
- (C) Unless → 否定の条件
- (D) While → 「〜する間に」
Q33. The vote was so close that _____ candidate could claim a clear victory.
(A) both
(B) either
(C) neither
(D) all
解答を見る
正解:(C) neither
「接戦だったので、どちらの候補者も明確な勝利を主張できなかった」→ neither。
- (A) both → 肯定(両方)
- (B) either → 肯定(どちらか)
- (C) neither → 否定(どちらも〜ない)✓
- (D) all → 全部
Q34. The match between the two proposals was so _____ that the committee needed an additional week to decide.
(A) close
(B) closely
(C) closed
(D) closing
解答を見る
正解:(A) close
so _____ that → so + 形容詞 + that。
- (A) close → 形容詞「接戦の、近い」✓
- (B) closely → 副詞
- (C) closed → 過去分詞
- (D) closing → 現在分詞
Q35. Employees _____ complete the safety course by Friday will be allowed to work in the laboratory.
(A) who
(B) which
(C) whose
(D) whom
解答を見る
正解:(A) who
Employees _____ complete → 先行詞が人(Employees)で主格 → who。
- (A) who → 人(主格)✓
- (B) which → 物
- (C) whose → 所有格
- (D) whom → 人(目的格)
Q36. The regard for employee well-being at this company is _____ than at most other firms in the industry.
(A) higher
(B) high
(C) highest
(D) highly
解答を見る
正解:(A) higher
_____ than → 比較級 + than。
- (A) higher → 比較級 ✓
- (B) high → 原形
- (C) highest → 最上級
- (D) highly → 副詞
Q37. The new policy requires _____ the project timeline.
(A) adjust
(B) adjusted
(C) adjustment
(D) adjusting
解答を見る
正解:(D) adjusting
requires _____ → require は動名詞(doing)を取る。
- (A) adjust → 原形
- (B) adjusted → 過去分詞
- (C) adjustment → 名詞
- (D) adjusting → 動名詞 ✓
Q38. The rush to complete the project on time meant that _____ employee had to work overtime.
(A) every
(B) all
(C) both
(D) neither
解答を見る
正解:(A) every
_____ employee(単数形) → every + 単数名詞。
- (A) every → every + 単数名詞 ✓
- (B) all → all + 複数名詞
- (C) both → both + 複数名詞
- (D) neither → neither + 単数名詞(否定の意味で合わない)
Q39. The _____ feedback we received helped us improve the product significantly.
(A) valuable
(B) value
(C) valuably
(D) valuation
解答を見る
正解:(A) valuable
The _____ feedback → 冠詞 + _____ + 名詞 → 形容詞が入る。
- (A) valuable → 形容詞 ✓
- (B) value → 名詞
- (C) valuably → 副詞
- (D) valuation → 名詞
Q40. The company offers not only competitive salaries _____ comprehensive benefits to all single and married employees.
(A) but also
(B) and also
(C) or also
(D) and
解答を見る
正解:(A) but also
not only competitive salaries _____ comprehensive benefits → not only A but also B。
- (A) but also → not only A but also B ✓
- (B) and also → 不正
- (C) or also → 不正
- (D) and → 不完全
今日の重要語(10語)
| 単語 | 意味 | 注意点 |
|---|---|---|
| earn | 稼ぐ | earn revenue = 収益を稼ぐ |
| fare | 運賃 | bus fare / train fare |
| suit | スーツ、合う | 名詞と動詞の両方で出る |
| balance | 残額、バランス | account balance = 口座残高 |
| worth | 価値がある | be worth + 名詞/doing |
| enable | 可能にする | enable A to do = Aが〜できるようにする |
| allow | 許す | allow A to do = Aが〜するのを許す |
| reasonable | 手ごろな、妥当な | a reasonable price = 手ごろな価格 |
| minimum | 最低限の | minimum order = 最小注文数 |
| multiple | 複数の | multiple locations = 複数の場所 |
Day 16 まとめ
今日のチェックリスト
- [ ] not only A but also B / either A or B / neither A nor B / both A and B のペアを覚えた
- [ ] so + 形容詞 + that / such + 名詞句 + that の使い分けを理解した
- [ ] as ~ as(原級比較)の間には原形が入ることを覚えた
- [ ] 比較級 + than のパターンを理解した
- [ ] the + 最上級 + in/of のパターンを理解した
- [ ] 比較級を強調する語(much / far / even / significantly)を覚えた
- [ ] 構文問題を40問解いた
今日の重要単語(36語)
以下の単語を「英語→意味」の順で5回以上高速で繰り返してください。
| 英単語 | 意味 |
|---|---|
| enough | 十分に |
| allow | 許す |
| cause | 引き起こす、原因 |
| reasonable | 手ごろな |
| subject | 主題 |
| earn | 稼ぐ |
| fare | 運賃 |
| formal | 正式な |
| suit | スーツ、合う |
| balance | 残額、バランス |
| content | 内容、満足 |
| lift | 持ち上げる |
| proof | 照明 |
| respect | 尊敬する |
| single | 単独の、一つの |
| wing | 棟 |
| worth | 価値がある |
| anywhere | どこにも |
| length | 長さ |
| storm | 嵐 |
| chapter | 章 |
| custom | 特注の、慣習 |
| praise | 褒める |
| bright | 明るい |
| century | 1世紀 |
| scientific | 科学の |
| vote | 投票する |
| anyway | とにかく |
| match | 合う、試合 |
| regard | とみなす、点 |
| rush | 急ぐ |
| appearance | 外見、出現 |
| senior | 上級の |
| minimum | 最低限 |
| enable | 可能にする |
| multiple | 複数の |
明日の予告
Day 17はPart 5 実戦演習です。Day 1〜16で学んだ全テーマを混合した40問を、本番と同じ時間感覚で解きます。「知識」を「実戦力」に変える日です。
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