Day 16:頻出構文パターン ― 知っていれば秒で解ける定型表現

なぜやるか

Part 5には構文パターンを問う問題が毎回1〜2問出ます。

選択肢に not only / either / both / as … as が並んでいたら、このタイプです。

「構文」と聞くと難しそうですが、パターンの組み合わせを覚えるだけです。片方を見たらもう片方が自動的に決まるので、見た瞬間に正解がわかります。


本編

①not only A but also B(AだけでなくBも)

構文意味
not only A but also BAだけでなくBもThe service is not only fast but also affordable.

ポイント:A と B には同じ形(品詞)が入る。

  • not only 形容詞 but also 形容詞
  • not only 名詞 but also 名詞

②either A or B / neither A nor B

構文意味
either A or BAかBのどちらかYou can contact either Mr. Tanaka or Ms. Park.
neither A nor BAもBもどちらも〜ないThe report was neither accurate nor complete.

ポイント:either → or / neither → nor の組み合わせは固定。A と B は同じ形。


③both A and B(AもBも両方)

構文意味
both A and BAもBも両方The workshop is open to both managers and staff.

ポイント:both → and の組み合わせは固定。both A and B が主語のとき、動詞は複数形


④so ~ that … / such ~ that …(とても〜なので…)

構文意味使い分け
so + 形容詞/副詞 + thatとても〜なので…The presentation was so clear that everyone understood.
such + 名詞(句) + thatとても〜なので…It was such a useful workshop that we held it again.

使い分け
– so の後ろ → 形容詞 / 副詞
– such の後ろ → 名詞(句)


⑤as ~ as(原級比較)

構文意味
as + 形容詞/副詞 + as〜と同じくらいThis model is as efficient as the previous one.
not as + 形容詞/副詞 + as〜ほど…ないThe new office is not as large as the old one.

ポイント:as と as の間には形容詞 / 副詞の原形が入る(比較級ではない)。


⑥比較級 + than

構文意味
比較級 + than〜よりも…This plan is more practical than the previous one.
much / far / even + 比較級はるかに〜The results were far better than expected.

ポイント
– 比較級の作り方:short → shorter / important → more important
– 比較級を強調:much / far / even / significantly + 比較級


⑦the + 最上級 + in/of

構文意味
the + 最上級 + in + 場所/範囲〜の中で最も…This is the largest factory in the country.
the + 最上級 + of + 複数〜の中で最も…She is the most experienced of all candidates.

使い分け
– in → 場所・範囲(in the company, in the world)
– of → 複数のもの(of all, of the three)


やり方

順番内容目安時間
上の本編を読んで、7つの構文パターンを理解する10分
Section A(Q1〜10):構文パターンの判定10分(1問60秒)
Section B(Q11〜25):構文問題20分(1問80秒)
Section C(Q26〜40):混合問題(構文中心)25分(1問100秒)
間違えた問題を確認。各構文パターンの組み合わせを再確認する5分

確認問題(40問)


Section A|構文パターンの判定(基礎)目安10分・1問60秒

空欄に入る最も適切な語を(A)〜(D)から選んでください。


Q1. The new system is not only efficient _____ easy to use.

(A) and
(B) or
(C) but also
(D) nor

解答を見る

正解:(C) but also

not only A _____ B → but also が入る。

  • (A) and → both A and B のペア
  • (B) or → either A or B のペア
  • (C) but also → not only A but also B ✓
  • (D) nor → neither A nor B のペア
not only → but also は固定の組み合わせ。efficient(形容詞)と easy(形容詞)が対等に並んでいる。

Q2. You may submit the form _____ by email or by fax.

(A) both
(B) either
(C) neither
(D) not only

解答を見る

正解:(B) either

_____ by email or by fax → or とペアになるのは either

  • (A) both → and とペア
  • (B) either → or とペア ✓
  • (C) neither → nor とペア
  • (D) not only → but also とペア
either A or B = 「AかBのどちらか」。or を見たら either を探す。

Q3. This laptop is _____ expensive as the one we purchased last year.

(A) so
(B) as
(C) more
(D) most

解答を見る

正解:(B) as

_____ expensive as → as ~ as(原級比較)。

  • (A) so → so ~ that のパターン
  • (B) as → as ~ as ✓
  • (C) more → more ~ than のパターン
  • (D) most → the most ~ のパターン
as + 形容詞の原形 + as = 「〜と同じくらい…」。expensive の原形がそのまま入る。

Q4. The demand was _____ high that the company could not keep up with production.

(A) such
(B) so
(C) very
(D) too

解答を見る

正解:(B) so

_____ high that → so + 形容詞 + that。

  • (A) such → such + 名詞句 + that
  • (B) so → so + 形容詞 + that ✓
  • (C) very → very + 形容詞(that は続かない)
  • (D) too → too + 形容詞 + to do
so + 形容詞 + that = 「とても〜なので…」。high(形容詞)の前なので so。

Q5. _____ employees and managers are required to attend the safety training.

(A) Either
(B) Neither
(C) Both
(D) Not only

解答を見る

正解:(C) Both

_____ employees and managers → and とペアになるのは Both

  • (A) Either → or とペア
  • (B) Neither → nor とペア
  • (C) Both → and とペア ✓
  • (D) Not only → but also とペア
Both A and B = 「AもBも両方」。and を見たら Both を探す。

Q6. The new office building is much _____ than the old one.

(A) large
(B) larger
(C) largest
(D) as large

解答を見る

正解:(B) larger

much _____ than → 比較級 + than。

  • (A) large → 原形
  • (B) larger → 比較級 ✓
  • (C) largest → 最上級
  • (D) as large → 原級比較
much + 比較級 + than = 「〜よりはるかに…」。much は比較級を強調する。

Q7. This is the _____ hotel in the entire city.

(A) comfortable
(B) more comfortable
(C) most comfortable
(D) as comfortable

解答を見る

正解:(C) most comfortable

the _____ hotel in the city → the + 最上級 + in。

  • (A) comfortable → 原形
  • (B) more comfortable → 比較級
  • (C) most comfortable → 最上級 ✓
  • (D) as comfortable → 原級比較
the + most + 形容詞 + in + 場所 = 「〜の中で最も…」。

Q8. The fare for the express train is _____ higher than the regular train.

(A) very
(B) significantly
(C) most
(D) as

解答を見る

正解:(B) significantly

_____ higher than → 比較級を強調する副詞。

  • (A) very → 比較級の前では使えない
  • (B) significantly → 比較級を強調 ✓
  • (C) most → 最上級
  • (D) as → as ~ as のパターン
比較級を強調する語は much / far / even / significantly / considerably。very は比較級の前に置けない。fare =「運賃」。

Q9. _____ the manager nor the staff knew about the schedule change.

(A) Both
(B) Either
(C) Neither
(D) Not only

解答を見る

正解:(C) Neither

_____ the manager nor the staff → nor とペアになるのは Neither

  • (A) Both → and とペア
  • (B) Either → or とペア
  • (C) Neither → nor とペア ✓
  • (D) Not only → but also とペア
Neither A nor B = 「AもBもどちらも〜ない」。nor を見たら Neither を探す。

Q10. It was _____ a successful event that the company decided to hold it annually.

(A) so
(B) such
(C) very
(D) too

解答を見る

正解:(B) such

_____ a successful event that → such + 名詞句 + that。

  • (A) so → so + 形容詞 + that
  • (B) such → such + 名詞句 + that ✓
  • (C) very → that は続かない
  • (D) too → too + 形容詞 + to do
such + a/an + 形容詞 + 名詞 + that = 「とても〜な…なので」。a successful event(名詞句)の前なので such。

Section B|構文問題 目安20分・1問80秒

空欄に入る最も適切な語を(A)〜(D)から選んでください。


Q11. The workshop is designed not only for new employees _____ for senior managers.

(A) and also
(B) but also
(C) or also
(D) nor also

解答を見る

正解:(B) but also

not only for A _____ for B → but also

  • (A) and also → 不正
  • (B) but also → not only A but also B ✓
  • (C) or also → 不正
  • (D) nor also → 不正
not only A but also B。for new employees と for senior managers が対等に並ぶ。senior =「上級の」。

Q12. The new suit fits Mr. Tanaka _____ well as the custom one he ordered last year.

(A) so
(B) very
(C) as
(D) too

解答を見る

正解:(C) as

_____ well as → as ~ as(原級比較)。

  • (A) so → so ~ that
  • (B) very → 強調
  • (C) as → as ~ as ✓
  • (D) too → too ~ to do
as + 副詞の原形 + as = 「〜と同じくらい…」。suit =「スーツ、合う」。fit =「合う」。custom =「特注の」。

Q13. The company earned significantly _____ revenue this quarter than last quarter.

(A) much
(B) more
(C) most
(D) many

解答を見る

正解:(B) more

significantly _____ revenue … than → 比較級 + than。

  • (A) much → 原形
  • (B) more → 比較級 ✓
  • (C) most → 最上級
  • (D) many → 原形
much の比較級は more。significantly more = 「大幅に多くの」。earn =「稼ぐ」。

Q14. The presentation was so _____ that the audience requested a longer session.

(A) inform
(B) information
(C) informative
(D) informatively

解答を見る

正解:(C) informative

so _____ that → so + 形容詞 + that。

  • (A) inform → 動詞
  • (B) information → 名詞
  • (C) informative → 形容詞 ✓
  • (D) informatively → 副詞
so + 形容詞 + that。informative = 「情報に富む、有益な」。so と that の間には形容詞か副詞が入る。

Q15. Employees may choose _____ a morning shift or an afternoon shift.

(A) both
(B) either
(C) neither
(D) whether

解答を見る

正解:(B) either

_____ a morning shift or an afternoon shift → either A or B。

  • (A) both → and とペア
  • (B) either → or とペア ✓
  • (C) neither → nor とペア
  • (D) whether → 「〜かどうか」
either A or B = 「AかBのどちらか」。or を見つけたら either を選ぶ。

Q16. The balance of quality and affordability makes this the _____ option of all the products we reviewed.

(A) good
(B) better
(C) best
(D) well

解答を見る

正解:(C) best

the _____ option of all → the + 最上級 + of。

  • (A) good → 原形
  • (B) better → 比較級
  • (C) best → 最上級 ✓
  • (D) well → 副詞
good → better → best。the + 最上級 + of + 複数 = 「〜の中で最も…」。balance =「バランス」。

Q17. The storm caused _____ damage that multiple flights were canceled.

(A) so
(B) such
(C) very
(D) enough

解答を見る

正解:(B) such

_____ damage that → such + 名詞 + that。

  • (A) so → so + 形容詞 + that
  • (B) such → such + 名詞(句)+ that ✓
  • (C) very → that は続かない
  • (D) enough → enough + to do
such + 名詞 + that。damage は名詞なので such。storm =「嵐」。multiple =「複数の」。

Q18. The minimum order amount is not as _____ as most customers expect.

(A) height
(B) highly
(C) higher
(D) high

解答を見る

正解:(D) high

not as _____ as → as ~ as の間には原形が入る。

  • (A) height → 名詞
  • (B) highly → 副詞
  • (C) higher → 比較級
  • (D) high → 形容詞の原形 ✓
as ~ as の間には形容詞/副詞の原形が入る。比較級は入らない。minimum =「最低限の」。

Q19. The content of the report was praised _____ by the board and by the shareholders.

(A) either
(B) neither
(C) both
(D) not only

解答を見る

正解:(C) both

_____ by the board and by the shareholders → both A and B。

  • (A) either → or とペア
  • (B) neither → nor とペア
  • (C) both → and とペア ✓
  • (D) not only → but also とペア
both A and B = 「AもBも両方」。content =「内容」。praise =「褒める」。

Q20. This year’s sales figures are far _____ than what we initially projected.

(A) good
(B) well
(C) best
(D) better

解答を見る

正解:(D) better

far _____ than → 比較級を強調。

  • (A) good → 原形
  • (B) well → 副詞の原形
  • (C) best → 最上級
  • (D) better → 比較級 ✓
far + 比較級 = 「はるかに〜」。good → better → best。far / much / even は比較級を強調する。

Q21. The scientific research was _____ thorough that it took over a century to complete.

(A) such
(B) enough
(C) very
(D) so

解答を見る

正解:(D) so

_____ thorough that → so + 形容詞 + that。

  • (A) such → such + 名詞句 + that
  • (B) enough → enough + to do
  • (C) very → that は続かない
  • (D) so → so + 形容詞 + that ✓
so + 形容詞 + that = 「とても〜なので…」。thorough(形容詞)の前なので so。scientific =「科学の」。century =「1世紀」。

Q22. The workshop covered _____ practical skills and theoretical knowledge.

(A) both
(B) either
(C) neither
(D) whether

解答を見る

正解:(A) both

_____ practical skills and theoretical knowledge → both A and B。

  • (A) both → and とペア ✓
  • (B) either → or とペア
  • (C) neither → nor とペア
  • (D) whether → 「〜かどうか」
both A and B。practical =「実用的な」。

Q23. Ms. Lee’s proposal is the most _____ of all the plans submitted this quarter.

(A) reason
(B) reasoning
(C) reasonably
(D) reasonable

解答を見る

正解:(D) reasonable

the most _____ of → the + most + 形容詞 + of。

  • (A) reason → 名詞
  • (B) reasoning → 名詞「推論」
  • (C) reasonably → 副詞
  • (D) reasonable → 形容詞 ✓
the most + 形容詞 + of + 複数。reasonable =「手ごろな、妥当な」。

Q24. The new policy allows employees to work _____ from home or from the office.

(A) both
(B) not only
(C) neither
(D) either

解答を見る

正解:(D) either

_____ from home or from the office → either A or B。

  • (A) both → and とペア
  • (B) not only → but also とペア
  • (C) neither → nor とペア
  • (D) either → or とペア ✓
either A or B = 「AかBのどちらか」。allow =「許す」。

Q25. The length of the training program is _____ than we originally expected.

(A) short
(B) shortly
(C) shortest
(D) shorter

解答を見る

正解:(D) shorter

_____ than → 比較級 + than。

  • (A) short → 原形
  • (B) shortly → 副詞
  • (C) shortest → 最上級
  • (D) shorter → 比較級 ✓
比較級 + than = 「〜よりも…」。length =「長さ」。

Section C|混合問題(構文中心)目安25分・1問100秒

空欄に入る最も適切な語を(A)〜(D)から選んでください。


Q26. The product launch was _____ a success that the company decided to expand into new markets.

(A) so
(B) too
(C) very
(D) such

解答を見る

正解:(D) such

_____ a success that → such + 名詞句 + that。

  • (A) so → so + 形容詞 + that
  • (B) too → too + 形容詞 + to do
  • (C) very → that は続かない
  • (D) such → such + 名詞句 + that ✓
a success は名詞句 → such。so の後ろには形容詞/副詞が来る。

Q27. The wing of the building _____ is currently under renovation will reopen in March.

(A) who
(B) whom
(C) whose
(D) which

解答を見る

正解:(D) which

the wing _____ is currently → 先行詞が物(wing)で、後ろに動詞 → 主格which

  • (A) who → 人
  • (B) whom → 人(目的格)
  • (C) whose → 所有格
  • (D) which → 物 ✓
これは関係詞の問題(他テーマの混合)。wing =「棟」。先行詞が物 → which。

Q28. The new software enables employees to process data far _____ than the previous system.

(A) faster
(B) fast
(C) fastest
(D) as fast

解答を見る

正解:(A) faster

far _____ than → 比較級を強調。

  • (A) faster → 比較級 ✓
  • (B) fast → 原形
  • (C) fastest → 最上級
  • (D) as fast → 原級比較
far + 比較級 + than。enable =「可能にする」。enable A to do = 「Aが〜できるようにする」。

Q29. The chapter on marketing strategy was not only well-written _____ highly relevant to our business.

(A) but also
(B) and
(C) or
(D) nor

解答を見る

正解:(A) but also

not only well-written _____ highly relevant → not only A but also B。

  • (A) but also → not only A but also B ✓
  • (B) and → both A and B のペア
  • (C) or → either A or B のペア
  • (D) nor → neither A nor B のペア
not only A but also B。chapter =「章」。

Q30. The investment in new technology has proved to be well worth _____.

(A) it
(B) its
(C) itself
(D) the effort

解答を見る

正解:(D) the effort

worth _____ → worth + 名詞 = 「〜の価値がある」。

  • (A) it → 何を指すか不明
  • (B) its → 所有格
  • (C) itself → 再帰代名詞
  • (D) the effort → 名詞「その努力」✓
worth =「価値がある」。be worth + 名詞/動名詞。prove =「判明する」。proved to be worth = 「〜の価値があると判明した」。

Q31. The appearance of the new product line is _____ appealing as the competitor’s.

(A) more
(B) most
(C) as
(D) so

解答を見る

正解:(C) as

_____ appealing as → as ~ as(原級比較)。

  • (A) more → more ~ than
  • (B) most → the most ~
  • (C) as → as ~ as ✓
  • (D) so → so ~ that
as + 形容詞 + as = 「〜と同じくらい」。appearance =「外見」。

Q32. _____ the bright lighting improved visibility, employees reported less eye strain.

(A) Because
(B) Although
(C) Unless
(D) While

解答を見る

正解:(A) Because

「明るい照明が視認性を改善したので、従業員は目の疲れが減ったと報告した」→ 理由 → Because

  • (A) Because → 理由 ✓
  • (B) Although → 逆接
  • (C) Unless → 否定の条件
  • (D) While → 「〜する間に」
これは接続詞の問題(他テーマの混合)。bright =「明るい」。

Q33. The vote was so close that _____ candidate could claim a clear victory.

(A) both
(B) either
(C) neither
(D) all

解答を見る

正解:(C) neither

「接戦だったので、どちらの候補者も明確な勝利を主張できなかった」→ neither

  • (A) both → 肯定(両方)
  • (B) either → 肯定(どちらか)
  • (C) neither → 否定(どちらも〜ない)✓
  • (D) all → 全部
so ~ that の that 節の中の問題。接戦 → どちらも勝ちを主張できない → neither。vote =「投票」。

Q34. The match between the two proposals was so _____ that the committee needed an additional week to decide.

(A) close
(B) closely
(C) closed
(D) closing

解答を見る

正解:(A) close

so _____ that → so + 形容詞 + that。

  • (A) close → 形容詞「接戦の、近い」✓
  • (B) closely → 副詞
  • (C) closed → 過去分詞
  • (D) closing → 現在分詞
so + 形容詞 + that。close は形容詞で「接戦の、僅差の」。match =「試合、対決」。

Q35. Employees _____ complete the safety course by Friday will be allowed to work in the laboratory.

(A) who
(B) which
(C) whose
(D) whom

解答を見る

正解:(A) who

Employees _____ complete → 先行詞が人(Employees)で主格 → who

  • (A) who → 人(主格)✓
  • (B) which → 物
  • (C) whose → 所有格
  • (D) whom → 人(目的格)
これは関係詞の問題(他テーマの混合)。先行詞が人で主格 → who。

Q36. The regard for employee well-being at this company is _____ than at most other firms in the industry.

(A) higher
(B) high
(C) highest
(D) highly

解答を見る

正解:(A) higher

_____ than → 比較級 + than。

  • (A) higher → 比較級 ✓
  • (B) high → 原形
  • (C) highest → 最上級
  • (D) highly → 副詞
比較級 + than。regard =「敬意、関心」。

Q37. The new policy requires _____ the project timeline.

(A) adjust
(B) adjusted
(C) adjustment
(D) adjusting

解答を見る

正解:(D) adjusting

requires _____ → require は動名詞(doing)を取る。

  • (A) adjust → 原形
  • (B) adjusted → 過去分詞
  • (C) adjustment → 名詞
  • (D) adjusting → 動名詞 ✓
これは不定詞/動名詞の問題(他テーマの混合)。require doing = 「〜することを必要とする」。

Q38. The rush to complete the project on time meant that _____ employee had to work overtime.

(A) every
(B) all
(C) both
(D) neither

解答を見る

正解:(A) every

_____ employee(単数形) → every + 単数名詞。

  • (A) every → every + 単数名詞 ✓
  • (B) all → all + 複数名詞
  • (C) both → both + 複数名詞
  • (D) neither → neither + 単数名詞(否定の意味で合わない)
every + 単数名詞 = 「すべての〜」。rush =「急ぐこと」。

Q39. The _____ feedback we received helped us improve the product significantly.

(A) valuable
(B) value
(C) valuably
(D) valuation

解答を見る

正解:(A) valuable

The _____ feedback → 冠詞 + _____ + 名詞 → 形容詞が入る。

  • (A) valuable → 形容詞 ✓
  • (B) value → 名詞
  • (C) valuably → 副詞
  • (D) valuation → 名詞
これは品詞問題(他テーマの混合)。冠詞と名詞の間は形容詞。

Q40. The company offers not only competitive salaries _____ comprehensive benefits to all single and married employees.

(A) but also
(B) and also
(C) or also
(D) and

解答を見る

正解:(A) but also

not only competitive salaries _____ comprehensive benefits → not only A but also B。

  • (A) but also → not only A but also B ✓
  • (B) and also → 不正
  • (C) or also → 不正
  • (D) and → 不完全
not only A but also B = 「AだけでなくBも」。competitive salaries と comprehensive benefits が対等に並ぶ。single =「独身の」。

今日の重要語(10語)

単語意味注意点
earn稼ぐearn revenue = 収益を稼ぐ
fare運賃bus fare / train fare
suitスーツ、合う名詞と動詞の両方で出る
balance残額、バランスaccount balance = 口座残高
worth価値があるbe worth + 名詞/doing
enable可能にするenable A to do = Aが〜できるようにする
allow許すallow A to do = Aが〜するのを許す
reasonable手ごろな、妥当なa reasonable price = 手ごろな価格
minimum最低限のminimum order = 最小注文数
multiple複数のmultiple locations = 複数の場所

Day 16 まとめ

今日のチェックリスト

  • [ ] not only A but also B / either A or B / neither A nor B / both A and B のペアを覚えた
  • [ ] so + 形容詞 + that / such + 名詞句 + that の使い分けを理解した
  • [ ] as ~ as(原級比較)の間には原形が入ることを覚えた
  • [ ] 比較級 + than のパターンを理解した
  • [ ] the + 最上級 + in/of のパターンを理解した
  • [ ] 比較級を強調する語(much / far / even / significantly)を覚えた
  • [ ] 構文問題を40問解いた

今日の重要単語(36語)

以下の単語を「英語→意味」の順で5回以上高速で繰り返してください。

英単語意味
enough十分に
allow許す
cause引き起こす、原因
reasonable手ごろな
subject主題
earn稼ぐ
fare運賃
formal正式な
suitスーツ、合う
balance残額、バランス
content内容、満足
lift持ち上げる
proof照明
respect尊敬する
single単独の、一つの
wing
worth価値がある
anywhereどこにも
length長さ
storm
chapter
custom特注の、慣習
praise褒める
bright明るい
century1世紀
scientific科学の
vote投票する
anywayとにかく
match合う、試合
regardとみなす、点
rush急ぐ
appearance外見、出現
senior上級の
minimum最低限
enable可能にする
multiple複数の

明日の予告

Day 17はPart 5 実戦演習です。Day 1〜16で学んだ全テーマを混合した40問を、本番と同じ時間感覚で解きます。「知識」を「実戦力」に変える日です。


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