Day 28:弱点補強 ― 間違えやすいポイントを総復習
なぜやるか
ここまで27日間で、品詞・動詞・前置詞/接続詞・代名詞・リスニング・読解と、TOEICの主要テーマをすべて学びました。
しかし、「わかっているのに間違える」問題があります。
- 名詞と動名詞の見分けがつかない
- 形容詞と過去分詞を混同する
- 時制のヒントを見落とす
- despite と although を間違える
こうした「あと一歩」のミスを潰すのが今日の目的です。600点に届くかどうかは、この「間違えやすいポイント」をどれだけ減らせるかで決まります。
本編
30日間の「間違えやすいポイント」総まとめ
① 品詞問題の紛らわしいパターン
| 間違えやすいパターン | 見分け方 | 例 |
|---|---|---|
| 名詞 vs 動名詞 | 冠詞(the/a)がつくなら名詞、つかないなら動名詞 | the development of / developing new products |
| 形容詞 vs 過去分詞 | 名詞を修飾するなら形容詞。受動態(be + ___)なら過去分詞 | an experienced manager / was experienced in marketing |
| -ly で終わる形容詞 | friendly, timely, quarterly, costly, likely は形容詞 | a timely response(副詞ではない) |
| 名詞 vs 形容詞(-al / -ive) | -al / -ive は形容詞だが、approval, arrival は名詞 | personal information(形容詞)/ approval process(名詞) |
② 動詞問題の時制ミス
| 間違えやすいパターン | 正しい判断基準 |
|---|---|
| 現在形 vs 現在進行形 | 習慣・事実 → 現在形 / 今まさに → 現在進行形 |
| 過去形 vs 現在完了形 | 過去の1点 → 過去形 / 過去から今まで → 現在完了形 |
| 時制のヒントを見落とす | yesterday, last week → 過去形 / since, for, already → 現在完了形 |
③ 前置詞/接続詞の混同
| 間違えやすいペア | 使い分け |
|---|---|
| despite(前置詞) vs although(接続詞) | despite + 名詞 / although + SV |
| during(前置詞) vs while(接続詞) | during + 名詞 / while + SV |
| because of(前置詞) vs because(接続詞) | because of + 名詞 / because + SV |
| by(期限) vs until(継続) | by = 「〜までに」/ until = 「〜まで(ずっと)」 |
④ 代名詞の格変化ミス
| 格 | 使う場所 | 例 |
|---|---|---|
| 主格(they) | 主語の位置 | They will attend the meeting. |
| 目的格(them) | 動詞/前置詞の後ろ | Please contact them directly. |
| 所有格(their) | 名詞の前 | Their proposal was accepted. |
| 再帰代名詞(themselves) | 主語と同じ人が目的語のとき | They introduced themselves. |
やり方
| 順番 | 内容 | 目安時間 |
|---|---|---|
| ① | 上の本編を読んで、間違えやすいポイントを確認する | 10分 |
| ② | Section A(Q1〜10):品詞の紛らわしい問題 | 15分(1問90秒) |
| ③ | Section B(Q11〜25):動詞・前置詞/接続詞の間違えやすい問題 | 20分(1問80秒) |
| ④ | Section C(Q26〜40):全混合(実戦レベル) | 25分(1問100秒) |
| ⑤ | 答え合わせ。間違えた問題のパターンを特定する | 5分 |
確認問題(40問)
Section A|品詞の紛らわしい問題(名詞vs動名詞、形容詞vs過去分詞)目安15分・1問90秒
空欄に入る最も適切な語を(A)〜(D)から選んでください。
Q1. The _____ of the new electronic payment system took longer than expected.
(A) develop
(B) development
(C) developing
(D) developed
解答を見る
正解:(B) development
The _____ of → 冠詞 + _____ + 前置詞 → 名詞が入る。
- (A) develop → 動詞
- (B) development → 名詞「開発」✓
- (C) developing → 動名詞/現在分詞
- (D) developed → 過去分詞
Q2. We need a more _____ approach to reduce our overtime costs.
(A) economy
(B) economic
(C) economical
(D) economically
解答を見る
正解:(C) economical
a more _____ approach → 冠詞 + 比較級 + _____ + 名詞 → 形容詞。
- (A) economy → 名詞「経済」
- (B) economic → 形容詞「経済の」(=経済に関する)
- (C) economical → 形容詞「経済的な、節約的な」✓
- (D) economically → 副詞
Q3. All _____ information must be kept confidential.
(A) person
(B) personal
(C) personally
(D) personalize
解答を見る
正解:(B) personal
All _____ information → _____ + 名詞 → 形容詞。
- (A) person → 名詞「人」
- (B) personal → 形容詞「個人的な」✓
- (C) personally → 副詞
- (D) personalize → 動詞
Q4. The company has seen a _____ rise in sales since launching the new product.
(A) notice
(B) noticeable
(C) noticeably
(D) noticed
解答を見る
正解:(B) noticeable
a _____ rise → 冠詞 + _____ + 名詞 → 形容詞。
- (A) notice → 名詞/動詞
- (B) noticeable → 形容詞「目立つ、顕著な」✓
- (C) noticeably → 副詞
- (D) noticed → 過去分詞
Q5. The factory needs to generate more _____ energy to meet the growing demand.
(A) industry
(B) industrial
(C) industrially
(D) industrialize
解答を見る
正解:(B) industrial
more _____ energy → _____ + 名詞 → 形容詞。
- (A) industry → 名詞「産業」
- (B) industrial → 形容詞「産業の」✓
- (C) industrially → 副詞
- (D) industrialize → 動詞
Q6. The workshop provided employees with _____ training on the new storage system.
(A) thorough
(B) thoroughly
(C) thoroughness
(D) more thoroughly
解答を見る
正解:(A) thorough
_____ training → _____ + 名詞 → 形容詞。
- (A) thorough → 形容詞「徹底的な」✓
- (B) thoroughly → 副詞
- (C) thoroughness → 名詞
- (D) more thoroughly → 副詞の比較級
Q7. The _____ feedback from customers helped us improve the product design.
(A) value
(B) valuable
(C) valuably
(D) valuation
解答を見る
正解:(B) valuable
The _____ feedback → 冠詞 + _____ + 名詞 → 形容詞。
- (A) value → 名詞「価値」
- (B) valuable → 形容詞「貴重な」✓
- (C) valuably → 副詞
- (D) valuation → 名詞「評価」
Q8. The blueprint for the new building was approved after a _____ review by the council.
(A) detail
(B) detailed
(C) detailing
(D) details
解答を見る
正解:(B) detailed
a _____ review → 冠詞 + _____ + 名詞 → 形容詞。
- (A) detail → 名詞「詳細」
- (B) detailed → 形容詞「詳細な」✓
- (C) detailing → 動名詞/現在分詞
- (D) details → 名詞(複数形)
Q9. The summary of the annual tourism report is available on the company’s website.
この文の summary の品詞として正しいものを選んでください。
(A) 動詞
(B) 形容詞
(C) 副詞
(D) 名詞
解答を見る
正解:(D) 名詞
The summary of → 冠詞 The + _____ + 前置詞 of → 名詞。
Q10. The _____ weather conditions forced the organizers to postpone the outdoor event.
(A) except
(B) exceptional
(C) exceptionally
(D) exception
解答を見る
正解:(B) exceptional
The _____ weather → 冠詞 + _____ + 名詞 → 形容詞。
- (A) except → 前置詞「〜を除いて」
- (B) exceptional → 形容詞「並外れた」✓
- (C) exceptionally → 副詞
- (D) exception → 名詞
Section B|動詞・前置詞/接続詞の間違えやすい問題 目安20分・1問80秒
空欄に入る最も適切な語を(A)〜(D)から選んでください。
Q11. The newsletter _____ to all subscribers every Monday morning.
(A) sends
(B) is sent
(C) sending
(D) has send
解答を見る
正解:(B) is sent
The newsletter _____ to all subscribers → ニュースレターは「送られる」(受動態)。
- (A) sends → 能動態
- (B) is sent → 受動態 ✓
- (C) sending → 現在分詞
- (D) has send → 文法的に誤り(has sent が正しい)
Q12. The retail store _____ its prices to stay competitive last quarter.
(A) reduces
(B) reduced
(C) has reduced
(D) will reduce
解答を見る
正解:(B) reduced
last quarter → 過去の時点 → 過去形。
- (A) reduces → 現在形
- (B) reduced → 過去形 ✓
- (C) has reduced → 現在完了形
- (D) will reduce → 未来形
Q13. Sales figures have risen _____ since the company launched its online store.
(A) steady
(B) steadily
(C) steadiness
(D) steadied
解答を見る
正解:(B) steadily
have risen _____ → 動詞の後ろで文の要素は揃っている → 副詞。
Q14. _____ the bad weather, the outdoor event proceeded as planned.
(A) Although
(B) While
(C) Because
(D) Despite
解答を見る
正解:(D) Despite
_____ the bad weather → 後ろが名詞句 → 前置詞。
- (A) Although → 接続詞(後ろにSVが必要)
- (B) While → 接続詞
- (C) Because → 接続詞
- (D) Despite → 前置詞「〜にもかかわらず」✓
Q15. The new ingredient list must be approved _____ any products can be shipped to retailers.
(A) before
(B) during
(C) until
(D) within
解答を見る
正解:(A) before
_____ any products can be shipped → 後ろにSV → 接続詞。
- (A) before → 接続詞「〜する前に」✓
- (B) during → 前置詞(後ろにSVは取れない)
- (C) until → 接続詞だが意味が不自然
- (D) within → 前置詞
Q16. The mentoring program has been running _____ three years and continues to grow.
(A) since
(B) while
(C) during
(D) for
解答を見る
正解:(D) for
has been running _____ three years → 現在完了進行形 + 期間 → for。
- (A) since → 「〜以来」(起点を示す)
- (B) while → 接続詞
- (C) during → 前置詞だが「特定の期間中」の意味
- (D) for → 「〜の間」(期間を示す)✓
Q17. Employees are encouraged to submit their ideas, _____ they will be reviewed by the management team.
(A) so
(B) but
(C) or
(D) as
解答を見る
正解:(D) as
submit their ideas, _____ they will be reviewed → 「提出してください、なぜなら審査されるから」→ as(〜なので)。
Q18. The conference will be held at the Grand Hotel _____ of the City Convention Center.
(A) instead
(B) rather
(C) despite
(D) although
解答を見る
正解:(A) instead
at the Grand Hotel _____ of the City Convention Center → 「市のコンベンションセンターの代わりに」→ instead of。
Q19. The data shows that customer satisfaction _____ significantly over the past year.
(A) improves
(B) improved
(C) has improved
(D) will improve
解答を見る
正解:(C) has improved
over the past year → 「この1年間で」→ 過去から現在まで → 現在完了形。
- (A) improves → 現在形
- (B) improved → 過去形
- (C) has improved → 現在完了形 ✓
- (D) will improve → 未来形
Q20. The company will ensure that all employees _____ the required safety training by the end of the month.
(A) complete
(B) completes
(C) completed
(D) completing
解答を見る
正解:(A) complete
that all employees _____ → that節の中:主語 all employees(複数)+ 動詞 → 原形/現在形。
Q21. _____ the manager was on vacation, the assistant handled all customer inquiries.
(A) Despite
(B) During
(C) While
(D) Because of
解答を見る
正解:(C) While
_____ the manager was → 後ろにSV → 接続詞。
- (A) Despite → 前置詞
- (B) During → 前置詞
- (C) While → 接続詞「〜の間」✓
- (D) Because of → 前置詞
Q22. The city council decided to raise the budget for urban development projects.
この文の raise の意味として正しいものを選んでください。
(A) 上がる
(B) 起きる
(C) 育てる
(D) 上げる、集める
解答を見る
正解:(D) 上げる、集める
raise the budget =「予算を上げる」。raise は他動詞(目的語を取る)。
Q23. The accessible parking spaces are reserved _____ visitors with disabilities.
(A) for
(B) to
(C) by
(D) with
解答を見る
正解:(A) for
reserved _____ visitors → 「訪問者のために予約されている」→ for。
Q24. The workload has increased significantly, _____ the team has maintained its high level of productivity.
(A) so
(B) because
(C) yet
(D) or
解答を見る
正解:(C) yet
workload has increased … _____ maintained high productivity → 「仕事量が増えた、しかし高い生産性を維持」→ 逆接。
- (A) so → 結果
- (B) because → 理由
- (C) yet → 逆接「しかし」✓
- (D) or → 選択
Q25. The motivate program was designed to _____ employees to achieve their career goals.
(A) motivate
(B) motivated
(C) motivating
(D) motivation
解答を見る
正解:(A) motivate
to _____ employees → to不定詞 → 動詞の原形。
Section C|全混合(実戦レベル)目安25分・1問100秒
**【パッセージ1:Q26〜29】Part 6形式
Bridgewater Community Newsletter — March Edition
Dear Residents,
The Bridgewater Parks Department is pleased to announce the start of the annual Spring Clean-Up Program. _____ (Q26) are encouraged to participate in this community-wide effort to beautify our public spaces.
This year’s program will take place on Saturday, April 5, from 9:00 A.M. to 1:00 P.M. Volunteers should _____ (Q27) at the Central Park pavilion by 8:45 A.M. to receive supplies and area assignments.
_____ (Q28)
The Parks Department will provide all necessary equipment, including gloves, trash bags, and recycling bins. Light refreshments will _____ (Q29) be available for all volunteers after the event.
Q26.
(A) Resident
(B) Residentially
(C) Residential
(D) Residents
解答を見る
正解:(D) Residents
_____ are encouraged → 主語の位置 → 名詞(複数形)。are(複数形の動詞)に合わせて複数形の名詞。
Q27.
(A) arrive
(B) arrives
(C) arriving
(D) arrived
解答を見る
正解:(A) arrive
should _____ → 助動詞 + _____ → 動詞の原形。
Q28.
(A) The park was built in 1965 by a famous landscape architect.
(B) Several new restaurants have opened on Main Street.
(C) The city council will vote on the annual budget next week.
(D) Volunteers who participated in last year’s event reported that it was a rewarding experience.
解答を見る
正解:(D) Volunteers who participated in last year’s event reported that it was a rewarding experience.
前の文:ボランティアは8:45に集合。後の文:公園課が必要な道具を提供。→ 「昨年の参加者の感想」でボランティア参加を促す文が自然。
Q29.
(A) also
(B) yet
(C) still
(D) only
解答を見る
正解:(A) also
will _____ be available → 「〜もまた利用できる」→ also。
**【パッセージ2:Q30〜34】Part 7形式
From: Robert Kim r.kim@techsolutions.com
To: Sandra Lee s.lee@techsolutions.com
Date: Thursday, July 10
Subject: Quarterly Performance Review
Hi Sandra,
I’ve completed the review of our department’s performance for the second quarter. Here’s a brief summary:
Highlights:
– Total revenue increased by 12% compared to Q1, reaching $4.8 million.
– We successfully launched three new software products, all of which received favorable reviews from industry analysts.
– Customer retention rate improved from 82% to 89%, largely due to our enhanced support services.
Areas for Improvement:
– The average response time for customer support tickets increased from 4 hours to 6 hours. We need to address this promptly.
– Two product launches were delayed by a total of three weeks due to unexpected technical issues. We should ensure better testing procedures going forward.
Recommendations:
– Hire two additional support specialists to reduce response times.
– Implement a more reliable testing framework before product launches.
I’d like to discuss these findings at our meeting on Monday. Could you also prepare a brief overview of the marketing department’s Q2 results? It would be helpful to compare our performance across departments.
Thanks,
Robert
Q30. What is the purpose of this e-mail?
(A) To request a budget increase
(B) To schedule a job interview
(C) To announce a new product launch
(D) To share quarterly performance results
解答を見る
正解:(D) To share quarterly performance results
I’ve completed the review of our department’s performance for the second quarter.
Q31. By how much did revenue increase in Q2?
(A) 4.8%
(B) 89%
(C) 82%
(D) 12%
解答を見る
正解:(D) 12%
Total revenue increased by 12% compared to Q1.
Q32. What problem is mentioned about customer support?
(A) Staff members quit unexpectedly.
(B) The support system crashed repeatedly.
(C) Customer complaints increased significantly.
(D) Response times became slower.
解答を見る
正解:(D) Response times became slower.
The average response time for customer support tickets increased from 4 hours to 6 hours.
Q33. What does Robert recommend?
(A) Reducing the number of product launches
(B) Cutting the marketing budget
(C) Hiring more support staff
(D) Outsourcing customer service
解答を見る
正解:(C) Hiring more support staff
Hire two additional support specialists to reduce response times.
Q34. What does Robert ask Sandra to do?
(A) Hire new employees
(B) Schedule a meeting with the CEO
(C) Prepare marketing department results
(D) Review the budget proposal
解答を見る
正解:(C) Prepare marketing department results
Could you also prepare a brief overview of the marketing department’s Q2 results?
**【パッセージ3:Q35〜37】Part 7形式
City of Lakewood — Public Notice
The Lakewood Department of Health is offering free flu vaccinations to all city residents on Saturday, October 18, from 10:00 A.M. to 4:00 P.M. at the Lakewood Community Center (450 Oak Street).
No appointment is necessary. Please bring a valid photo ID. Children under 18 must be accompanied by a parent or guardian.
The vaccination is available to all residents regardless of insurance status. For those with insurance, please bring your insurance card so we can process the claim on your behalf.
For further information, contact the Department of Health at 555-0288 or visit www.lakewood.gov/health.
Q35. What is being offered?
(A) Free health checkups
(B) Discounted gym memberships
(C) Free flu vaccinations
(D) Nutrition counseling
解答を見る
正解:(C) Free flu vaccinations
free flu vaccinations to all city residents.
Q36. What is required for children attending the event?
(A) A doctor’s note
(B) A school ID card
(C) Accompaniment by a parent or guardian
(D) A completed registration form
解答を見る
正解:(C) Accompaniment by a parent or guardian
Children under 18 must be accompanied by a parent or guardian.
Q37. What are insured residents asked to bring?
(A) A prescription
(B) A photo ID only
(C) Their insurance card
(D) A referral letter
解答を見る
正解:(C) Their insurance card
please bring your insurance card so we can process the claim on your behalf.
**【パッセージ4:Q38〜40】Part 5形式(他テーマ混合)
Q38. Mr. Tanaka _____ as the company’s chief financial officer for over ten years before retiring last March.
(A) served
(B) serves
(C) has served
(D) is serving
解答を見る
正解:(A) served
before retiring last March → 過去の出来事。for over ten years + before retiring → 過去の期間 → 過去形。
Q39. The company assures customers that all products are made with _____ selected ingredients.
(A) care
(B) careful
(C) carefully
(D) carefulness
解答を見る
正解:(C) carefully
_____ selected → _____ + 過去分詞 → 副詞。
Q40. _____ the new policy takes effect, all employees will be required to use the updated time-tracking system.
(A) Once
(B) Despite
(C) During
(D) Besides
解答を見る
正解:(A) Once
_____ the new policy takes effect → 後ろにSV → 接続詞。
- (A) Once → 接続詞「〜したら」✓
- (B) Despite → 前置詞
- (C) During → 前置詞
- (D) Besides → 前置詞
今日の重要語(10語)
| 単語 | 意味 | 注意点 |
|---|---|---|
| rise / raise | 上がる / 上げる | rise = 自動詞、raise = 他動詞 |
| despite | 〜にもかかわらず | 前置詞(後ろは名詞) |
| although | 〜にもかかわらず | 接続詞(後ろはSV) |
| ensure | 保証する、確実にする | assure =「保証する」(人に対して) |
| generate | 生み出す | generate revenue = 収益を生む |
| thorough | 徹底的な(形容詞) | thoroughly =「徹底的に」(副詞) |
| storage | 保管 | store =「保管する」(動詞)/「店」(名詞) |
| industrial | 産業の | industry = 産業(名詞) |
| feedback | 感想、フィードバック | 不可算名詞(a feedback とは言わない) |
| accessible | アクセスできる | access = アクセス(名詞/動詞) |
Day 28 まとめ
今日のチェックリスト
- [ ] 名詞 vs 動名詞の見分けができた(冠詞があれば名詞)
- [ ] 形容詞 vs 過去分詞の区別ができた
- [ ] 時制のヒント(yesterday → 過去形、since → 現在完了形)を見落とさなかった
- [ ] despite + 名詞 / although + SV の使い分けができた
- [ ] 代名詞の格(主格・目的格・所有格・再帰代名詞)を正しく選べた
今日の重要単語(35語)
以下の単語を「英語→意味」の順で5回以上高速で繰り返してください。
| 英単語 | 意味 |
|---|---|
| rise | 上がる、上昇 |
| weather | 天気 |
| accept | 受け入れる |
| personal | 個人的な |
| raise | 上げる、集める |
| further | さらに |
| council | 議会 |
| electronic | 電子の |
| affect | 影響する |
| device | 機器 |
| industrial | 産業の |
| historical | 歴史の |
| assure | 保証する |
| economic | 経済の |
| proceed | 進む |
| thorough | 徹底的な |
| ensure | 保証する |
| urban | 都市の |
| workload | 仕事量 |
| newsletter | 会報 |
| storage | 保管 |
| retail | 小売 |
| ingredient | 材料 |
| accomodate | 満たす、収容する |
| generate | 生み出す |
| summary | 要約 |
| tourism | 観光事業 |
| exceptional | 並外れた |
| mentoring | メンター制度 |
| accessible | アクセスできる |
| motivate | やる気にさせる |
| overtime | 時間外に |
| reliable | 信頼できる |
| blueprint | 設計図 |
| feedback | 感想 |
明日の予告
Day 29では模擬試験を行います。本番と同じ形式・同じ難易度の問題を時間を計って解きます。ここまでの27日間の成果を本番形式で試すチャンスです。しっかり力を発揮しましょう。
© イングルート|english-route.com ― 無断転載・再配布を禁じます。