Day 4：「〜だけれども」「〜なので」「〜のとき」 ― 副詞節を（ ）で囲む

（ ）で囲む：
(Although the project was completed ahead of schedule), the team encountered several unexpected challenges (along the way).

骨格： The team encountered several unexpected challenges.
– 文型：第3文型（S + V + O）
– S: The team（チームが）
– V: encountered（直面した）
– O: several unexpected challenges（予期しない課題をいくつか）

（ ）で囲む：
(Because the main conference room was already booked), the meeting was moved (to a smaller space) (on the second floor).

骨格： The meeting was moved.
– 文型：第1文型の受動態（S + V）
– S: The meeting（会議が）
– V: was moved（移動された）

（ ）で囲む：
Please notify the IT department (as soon as you notice any issues with your computer or network connection).

骨格： Please notify the IT department.
– 文型：第4文型（S + V + O）※命令文
– V: notify（通知してください）
– O: the IT department（IT部門に）

（ ）で囲む：
(Unless all required documents are submitted by Friday), your application cannot be processed.

骨格： Your application cannot be processed.
– 文型：第1文型の受動態（S + V）
– S: Your application（あなたの申請は）
– V: cannot be processed（処理できない）

（ ）で囲む：
The new policy will take effect (once the board of directors has given final approval).

骨格： The new policy will take effect.
– 文型：第1文型（S + V）
– S: The new policy（新しい方針が）
– V: will take effect（施行される）

（ ）で囲む：
(While the marketing team focused on brand awareness), the sales team concentrated (on closing deals with existing clients).

骨格： The sales team concentrated on closing deals.
– 文型：第1文型（S + V）
– S: The sales team（営業チームが）
– V: concentrated on（集中した）

（ ）で囲む：
The delivery was delayed (because severe weather conditions disrupted operations at the distribution center).

骨格： The delivery was delayed.
– 文型：第1文型の受動態（S + V）
– S: The delivery（配達が）
– V: was delayed（遅延した）

（ ）で囲む：
(When submitting a reimbursement request), please attach all original receipts (along with the completed form).

骨格： Please attach all original receipts.
– 文型：第3文型（S + V + O）※命令文
– V: attach（添付してください）
– O: all original receipts（すべての原本領収書を）

（ ）で囲む：
The company will provide a full refund (provided that the item is returned in its original condition within 30 days).

骨格： The company will provide a full refund.
– 文型：第3文型（S + V + O）
– S: The company（当社が）
– V: will provide（提供する）
– O: a full refund（全額返金を）

（ ）で囲む：
(Since the company adopted the new inventory management system), stock shortages have become (significantly) less frequent.

骨格： Stock shortages have become less frequent.
– 文型：第2文型（S + V + C）
– S: Stock shortages（在庫不足が）
– V: have become（〜になった）
– C: less frequent（頻度が低く）

（ ）で囲む：
(Although the initial results were promising), the research team decided (to conduct additional tests) (before presenting their findings to the board).

骨格： The research team decided to conduct additional tests.
– 文型：第3文型（S + V + O）
– S: The research team（研究チームが）
– V: decided（決定した）
– O: to conduct additional tests（追加テストを実施することを）

（ ）で囲む：
The new recruits will not be assigned (to client-facing roles) (until they have successfully completed the onboarding program and passed the required assessments).

骨格： The new recruits will not be assigned to client-facing roles.
– 文型：第1文型の受動態（S + V）
– S: The new recruits（新入社員は）
– V: will not be assigned（配属されない）

（ ）で囲む：
(Now that the merger has been finalized), both companies will operate (under a single brand name) (starting from next quarter).

骨格： Both companies will operate under a single brand name.
– 文型：第1文型（S + V）
– S: Both companies（両社が）
– V: will operate（運営する）

（ ）で囲む：
(Even though the quarterly targets were met), management expressed concern (about the sustainability of current growth rates) (in the coming year).

骨格： Management expressed concern about the sustainability of current growth rates.
– 文型：第3文型（S + V + O）
– S: Management（経営陣が）
– V: expressed（表明した）
– O: concern about the sustainability …（持続可能性に対する懸念を）

（ ）で囲む：
(As long as the project remains within budget and on schedule), the client has agreed (not to request any additional reviews).

骨格： The client has agreed not to request any additional reviews.
– 文型：第3文型（S + V + O）
– S: The client（クライアントが）
– V: has agreed（同意した）
– O: not to request any additional reviews（追加の審査を要求しないことに）

（ ）で囲む：
The conference registration fee must be paid (in full) (before the event) (so that your spot can be officially confirmed).

骨格： The conference registration fee must be paid in full.
– 文型：第1文型の受動態（S + V）
– S: The conference registration fee（会議参加費が）
– V: must be paid（支払われなければならない）

（ ）で囲む：
(Whereas the North American division showed strong growth this quarter), the European division reported a slight decline (in revenue).

骨格： The European division reported a slight decline in revenue.
– 文型：第3文型（S + V + O）
– S: The European division（欧州部門が）
– V: reported（報告した）
– O: a slight decline in revenue（収益のわずかな減少を）

（ ）で囲む：
The factory will suspend operations (until all safety equipment has been inspected and certified by an authorized technician).

骨格： The factory will suspend operations.
– 文型：第3文型（S + V + O）
– S: The factory（工場が）
– V: will suspend（停止する）
– O: operations（業務を）

（ ）で囲む：
(Once the new regulations come into force), businesses (with more than 200 employees) will be required (to submit quarterly sustainability reports).

骨格： Businesses will be required to submit quarterly sustainability reports.
– 文型：第2文型の受動態（S + V + C）
– S: Businesses（企業は）
– V: will be required（求められる）
– C: to submit quarterly sustainability reports（四半期ごとのサステナビリティ報告書を提出することを）

（ ）で囲む：
(Even if the budget is approved this month), it is unlikely (that construction will begin before the end of the fiscal year).

骨格： It is unlikely that construction will begin.
– 文型：第2文型（S + V + C）＋名詞節
– S: It（仮主語）
– V: is（〜だ）
– C: unlikely（可能性が低い）
– 本当の主語：[that construction will begin …]

（ ）で囲む：
(After carefully reviewing the submitted proposals), the selection committee will notify all applicants (of the outcome) (by the end of next week).

骨格： The selection committee will notify all applicants of the outcome.
– 文型：第4文型（S + V + O + O）
– S: The selection committee（選考委員会が）
– V: will notify（通知する）
– O1: all applicants（全応募者に）
– O2: of the outcome（結果を）

（ ）で囲む：
The product was recalled (because several customers reported experiencing adverse reactions) (after using it for an extended period).

骨格： The product was recalled.
– 文型：第1文型の受動態（S + V）
– S: The product（その製品が）
– V: was recalled（回収された）

（ ）で囲む：
(By the time the new system is fully deployed), the company estimates [that it will have saved over $500,000 in annual operating costs].

骨格： The company estimates [that…].
– 文型：第3文型（S + V + O）
– S: The company（会社が）
– V: estimates（見積もっている）
– O: [that it will have saved over $500,000 …]（年間50万ドル以上節約できているということを）

（ ）で囲む：
(While acknowledging [that the current approach has some merits]), the consultant recommended a more comprehensive review (of the company’s pricing strategy).

骨格： The consultant recommended a more comprehensive review.
– 文型：第3文型（S + V + O）
– S: The consultant（コンサルタントが）
– V: recommended（推奨した）
– O: a more comprehensive review（より包括的な見直しを）

（ ）で囲む：
The regional office will remain operational (during the renovation period) (so that clients can continue to access services without interruption).

骨格： The regional office will remain operational.
– 文型：第2文型（S + V + C）
– S: The regional office（地域オフィスが）
– V: will remain（〜のままでいる）
– C: operational（稼働している状態で）

（ ）で囲む：
(Although the company’s overall revenue increased by 8 percent last year), profit margins declined (due to rising raw material costs and supply chain disruptions) (that were not anticipated at the start of the fiscal year).

骨格： Profit margins declined.
– 文型：第1文型（S + V）
– S: Profit margins（利益率が）
– V: declined（低下した）

（ ）で囲む：
(As soon as the board approves the revised budget), the project team will be authorized (to proceed with the second phase of construction), (provided that all environmental impact assessments have been completed).

骨格： The project team will be authorized to proceed with the second phase of construction.
– 文型：第2文型の受動態（S + V + C）
– S: The project team（プロジェクトチームが）
– V: will be authorized（権限を与えられる）
– C: to proceed with the second phase（第2フェーズに進むことの）

（ ）で囲む：
(While the proposal (submitted by the external consultants) outlined a number of cost-saving measures), the finance team noted [that implementing them would require significant upfront investment].

骨格： The finance team noted [that…].
– 文型：第3文型（S + V + O）
– S: The finance team（財務チームが）
– V: noted（指摘した）
– O: [that implementing them would require significant upfront investment]（実施には多大な先行投資が必要になるということを）

（ ）で囲む：
(Because the primary supplier was unable to fulfill the order on time), the procurement team was forced (to source the materials from an alternative vendor) (at a considerably higher cost).

骨格： The procurement team was forced to source the materials from an alternative vendor.
– 文型：第5文型の受動態（S + V + O + C）
– S: The procurement team（調達チームが）
– V: was forced（強いられた）
– C: to source the materials …（代替ベンダーから資材を調達することを）

（ ）で囲む：
(Even if the negotiations succeed and a preliminary agreement is reached this month), it is estimated [that it will take at least six more months before the deal is formally closed].

骨格： It is estimated [that…].
– 文型：受動態＋名詞節（S + V）
– S: It（仮主語）
– V: is estimated（見積もられている）
– 本当の主語：[that it will take at least six more months …]

（ ）で囲む：
(Since the company introduced its employee wellness program three years ago), absenteeism has decreased (by nearly 30 percent), (while overall productivity has increased by a comparable margin).

骨格： Absenteeism has decreased by nearly 30 percent.
– 文型：第1文型（S + V）
– S: Absenteeism（欠勤率が）
– V: has decreased（減少した）

（ ）で囲む：
(Although the restructuring plan was met with resistance from some employees), the majority acknowledged [that the changes were necessary (if the company was to remain competitive in the long term)].

骨格： The majority acknowledged [that…].
– 文型：第3文型（S + V + O）
– S: The majority（大多数が）
– V: acknowledged（認めた）
– O: [that the changes were necessary …]（変革は必要だということを）

（ ）で囲む：
(By the time the review committee submits its final recommendations), most (of the issues) (that prompted the investigation) will likely have already been addressed (by the management team).

骨格： Most of the issues will have been addressed.
– 文型：第1文型の受動態（S + V）
– S: Most of the issues（問題のほとんどは）
– V: will have been addressed（対処済みになっているだろう）

（ ）で囲む：
(Whereas the previous model relied heavily on manual data entry), the new system automates most routine tasks (so that staff can focus on higher-value activities) (that require human judgment).

骨格： The new system automates most routine tasks.
– 文型：第3文型（S + V + O）
– S: The new system（新しいシステムが）
– V: automates（自動化する）
– O: most routine tasks（ほとんどの定型業務を）

（ ）で囲む：
(Once it has been established [that all parties have fulfilled their contractual obligations]), the escrow account will be released and the funds (will be) transferred (to the seller) (within two business days).

骨格： The escrow account will be released and the funds transferred.
– 文型：第1文型の受動態（S + V）
– S: The escrow account / the funds
– V: will be released / (will be) transferred

（ ）で囲む：
(Although the product performed well in controlled testing environments), field data (collected after the commercial launch) revealed [that it was less effective than anticipated (under real-world conditions)].

骨格： Field data revealed [that…].
– 文型：第3文型（S + V + O）
– S: Field data（実地データが）
– V: revealed（明らかにした）
– O: [that it was less effective than anticipated …]（想定より効果が低かったということを）

（ ）で囲む：
(Provided that the final terms of the agreement are acceptable to all stakeholders and that no significant objections are raised during the public comment period), the regulation is expected (to be enacted by the end of the year).

骨格： The regulation is expected to be enacted.
– 文型：第2文型の受動態（S + V + C）
– S: The regulation（規制が）
– V: is expected（見込まれている）
– C: to be enacted by the end of the year（年末までに制定されることが）

（ ）で囲む：
(While acknowledging [that significant progress had been made since the previous review]), the inspector noted [that several areas still fell short of the required standards and would need to be addressed (before the facility could be granted full certification)].

骨格： The inspector noted [that…].
– 文型：第3文型（S + V + O）
– S: The inspector（検査官が）
– V: noted（指摘した）
– O: [that several areas still fell short …]（いくつかの領域が基準を満たしていないということを）

（ ）で囲む：
(Because the supply chain disruption was more severe than initially anticipated), production targets (set at the beginning of the year) could not be met (even though the manufacturing team worked overtime throughout the final quarter).

骨格： Production targets could not be met.
– 文型：第1文型の受動態（S + V）
– S: Production targets（生産目標が）
– V: could not be met（達成できなかった）

（ ）で囲む：
(Even if the company succeeds in launching the product ahead of schedule), analysts warn [that it will struggle to gain market traction (unless it addresses the pricing concerns (that have been raised by focus group participants))].

骨格： Analysts warn [that…].
– 文型：第3文型（S + V + O）
– S: Analysts（アナリストたちが）
– V: warn（警告している）
– O: [that it will struggle to gain market traction …]（市場での牽引力を得るのに苦労するということを）