Day 15｜パラフレーズの認識 ― 本文と設問の「言い換え」を見抜く

Phase 3 スタート

パラフレーズとは何か

【定義】パラフレーズ（Paraphrase）＝同じ内容を別の言葉・構造で言い換えること【TOEICでの出現パターン】① 同義語への置き換え本文：purchase → 設問：buy / acquire / obtain本文：notify → 設問：inform / let〜know / advise② 品詞の変換本文：The project was completed. → 設問：the completion of the project本文：The company expanded. → 設問：the company's expansion③ 能動態↔受動態本文：The manager approved the plan.→ 設問：The plan was approved by the manager.④ 肯定文↔否定文本文：All employees must attend.→ 設問：Attendance is mandatory for all staff.⑤ 具体→抽象 or 抽象→具体本文：The fee is 42,000 yen, with a 5,000 yen discount for early registration.→ 設問：Early registrants pay less than the regular fee.⑥ 文構造の変換本文：Because the shipment was delayed, the project fell behind schedule.→ 設問：The delay in the shipment caused the project to fall behind.

TOEIC でよく使われる同義語ペア

やり方

確認問題

Section A｜語句レベルのパラフレーズを認識する（10問）

指示：下線部の語句と同じ意味を表すものを (A)〜(D) から選びなさい。また、2つの表現の「意味上の共通点」を一言で述べよ。

A-1

本文：The seminar is complimentary for all registered members.

(A) mandatory
(B) free of charge
(C) optional
(D) reimbursable

A-2

本文：All employees are required to submit their timesheets by Friday.

(A) encouraged to
(B) permitted to
(C) obligated to
(D) reminded to

A-3

本文：The contract will commence on the first day of next month.

(A) conclude
(B) take effect
(C) be reviewed
(D) be amended

A-4

本文：The report indicates that consumer confidence has improved significantly.

(A) demands
(B) denies
(C) suggests
(D) prevents

A-5

本文：The company plans to acquire a regional logistics firm next quarter.

(A) sell
(B) merge with
(C) purchase
(D) review

A-6

本文：The venue can accommodate up to 500 guests.

(A) invite
(B) hold
(C) entertain
(D) welcome

A-7

本文：The renovation will be carried out over a period of three weeks.

(A) canceled
(B) approved
(C) conducted
(D) announced

A-8

本文：The deadline has been extended by two weeks.

(A) moved forward
(B) shortened
(C) pushed back
(D) confirmed

A-9

本文：Participation in the training session is voluntary.

(A) mandatory
(B) compensated
(C) optional
(D) scheduled

A-10

本文：The proposal was unanimously approved by the board.

(A) conditionally
(B) without opposition
(C) hastily
(D) reluctantly

Section B｜文レベルのパラフレーズを認識する（15問）

指示：本文の文（または段落）と同じ内容を表す選択肢を (A)〜(D) から選びなさい。なぜその選択肢が正解で、他が不正解かを説明せよ。

B-1

本文：The seminar fee is 35,000 yen. However, participants who register before April 15 will receive a 4,000 yen discount.

(A) Early registrants pay 35,000 yen.
(B) The standard fee is 31,000 yen for all participants.
(C) Participants who sign up before April 15 pay 31,000 yen.
(D) A 4,000 yen fee is charged for late registration.

B-2

本文：Vehicles without ETC devices detected on toll roads after the grace period will be subject to a surcharge of 30 percent above the standard toll rate.

(A) Vehicles with ETC devices pay 30 percent less than the standard toll rate.
(B) ETC-equipped vehicles are not required to pay any tolls after the grace period.
(C) After the grace period, drivers without ETC devices pay more than the regular toll.
(D) The grace period for ETC installation lasts 30 percent longer than originally planned.

B-3

本文：The new hiring policy requires applicants to hold at least a bachelor’s degree. Candidates with a master’s degree or higher will be given preference in the selection process.

(A) Only candidates with postgraduate degrees will be considered.
(B) A bachelor’s degree is the minimum educational requirement for the position.
(C) Applicants without a master’s degree will be automatically disqualified.
(D) All candidates are evaluated equally regardless of their educational background.

B-4

本文：The Osaka branch will be temporarily closed during the renovation. Customers wishing to access their safe deposit boxes during this period should visit the Namba or Umeda branches, both of which offer extended hours to accommodate increased demand.

(A) Customers cannot access their safe deposit boxes during the renovation.
(B) The Osaka branch’s safe deposit box service will be transferred to another location.
(C) Customers may use the Namba or Umeda branches to access their safe deposit boxes while the Osaka branch is being renovated.
(D) The Namba and Umeda branches will install additional safe deposit boxes to meet demand.

B-5

本文：The conference has been postponed from its original date of November 3 to December 1 due to a scheduling conflict with another major industry event.

(A) The conference was canceled because of another event.
(B) The conference will now take place one month later than originally planned.
(C) The December 1 conference was moved to November 3.
(D) The conference organizers resolved a scheduling conflict successfully.

B-6

本文：The 12-month subscription includes unlimited access to all premium content. A 10 percent discount applies when the annual fee is paid in full upfront, compared to the monthly payment option.

(A) Monthly subscribers pay 10 percent less than annual subscribers.
(B) Paying the full annual fee at once results in a cost saving.
(C) Premium content is available at no extra charge to monthly subscribers.
(D) A 10 percent surcharge is added to the annual subscription if paid in monthly installments.

B-7

本文：The grant is open to nonprofit organizations with annual operating budgets not exceeding 50 million yen.

(A) Organizations with budgets above 50 million yen are not eligible for the grant.
(B) Only nonprofits with budgets of exactly 50 million yen may apply.
(C) Nonprofits may apply for the grant regardless of their operating budget.
(D) The grant provides 50 million yen to qualifying organizations.

B-8

本文：The hotel will no longer offer a shuttle bus service from the airport as of next month. Guests are advised to use the direct rail link, which takes 18 minutes and runs every 10 minutes.

(A) The hotel’s shuttle bus service has been expanded to include more frequent departures.
(B) Beginning next month, guests must make their own way from the airport to the hotel.
(C) From next month, the airport rail connection will be the recommended way for guests to reach the hotel.
(D) The hotel’s shuttle service and the rail link both take 18 minutes from the airport.

B-9

本文：The workshop is designed for participants who have no prior experience with the software. Those who are already familiar with the basics should consider enrolling in the intermediate-level course instead.

(A) The workshop is suitable for beginners only.
(B) Participants with some software experience should attend the workshop.
(C) The intermediate course is the only option for all participants.
(D) Prior knowledge of the software is required to join the workshop.

B-10

本文：Tenants in the building are kindly requested to refrain from using the freight elevator for personal use during office hours (9:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m.).

(A) Tenants are prohibited from using the freight elevator entirely.
(B) The freight elevator may be used by tenants at any time.
(C) Personal use of the freight elevator during business hours is discouraged.
(D) The freight elevator operates only between 9:00 a.m. and 6:00 p.m.

B-11

本文：The new community center was built using 40 percent recycled materials and achieved the highest possible energy efficiency rating under Japan’s CASBEE certification system.

(A) The community center meets minimum environmental standards.
(B) The building received the top CASBEE certification for energy efficiency.
(C) Forty percent of the center’s energy comes from recycled sources.
(D) The community center was the first CASBEE-certified building in Japan.

B-12

本文：The HR department has confirmed that annual performance bonuses will be distributed no later than March 31.

(A) Employees will receive their bonuses on March 31.
(B) Bonuses will be paid by the end of March at the latest.
(C) Annual bonuses will be distributed on the last day of every month.
(D) The HR department has not yet determined when bonuses will be paid.

B-13

本文：Candidates who fail to submit all required documents by the application deadline will not be considered for the position, regardless of their qualifications.

(A) Qualified candidates may submit documents after the deadline.
(B) Incomplete applications will be reviewed if the candidate’s qualifications are strong enough.
(C) Meeting the document submission deadline is mandatory for all applicants.
(D) Only candidates with exceptional qualifications need to submit documents.

B-14

本文：The merger was finalized ahead of schedule, primarily because both companies’ legal teams had coordinated extensively prior to the formal announcement.

(A) The merger was delayed because the legal teams were not well-coordinated.
(B) The merger was completed earlier than expected, largely due to prior preparation by both companies’ lawyers.
(C) The formal announcement of the merger was made before the legal teams finished their work.
(D) Both companies’ legal teams were surprised by how quickly the merger was completed.

B-15

本文：The factory reduced its carbon emissions by 34 percent year on year by switching to renewable energy sources and optimizing its production scheduling to minimize idle machine time.

(A) The factory plans to reduce carbon emissions by 34 percent next year.
(B) A 34 percent reduction in carbon emissions was achieved through changes to energy sources and operational efficiency.
(C) The factory upgraded its machines, resulting in a 34 percent increase in output.
(D) Carbon emissions increased by 34 percent compared to the previous year.

Section C｜Part 7形式 ― パラフレーズを使った設問を解く（15問）

指示：次の文書を読み、設問に答えなさい。設問の選択肢がどのように本文をパラフレーズしているかに注目すること。

C-1〜C-5（文書1：案内メール）

From: Customer Service, Orion Fitness Equipment
To: Ms. Keiko Hayashi
Subject: Your Order #OFE-34917 — Delivery Update

Dear Ms. Hayashi,

We are writing to provide an update on your order #OFE-34917, which includes the Orion Pro 5500 Treadmill and the Adjustable Dumbbell Set.

Your order has been packed and is ready for dispatch. However, due to an unexpected increase in delivery volume in your region, the delivery has been rescheduled from the original date of November 8 to November 12. We sincerely apologize for this inconvenience.

Please note that delivery will be made between 10:00 a.m. and 6:00 p.m. on November 12. As the treadmill requires assembly upon arrival, a qualified technician will accompany the delivery team to set up the equipment at your preferred location in your home at no additional charge. The process typically takes between 60 and 90 minutes.

If you would prefer to reschedule for a later date, or if November 12 is not convenient, please contact us at 0120-XXX-XXX or reply to this email by November 10. Otherwise, we will proceed with the scheduled delivery.

We appreciate your patience and look forward to delivering your order.

Sincerely,
Customer Service Team
Orion Fitness Equipment

C-1：なぜ配送日が変更されたか。

(A) Ms. Hayashi rescheduled the delivery.
(B) The items ordered by Ms. Hayashi were out of stock.
(C) There was a higher than expected number of deliveries in Ms. Hayashi’s area.
(D) The treadmill required additional assembly before shipping.

C-2：トレッドミルの組み立てについて何が述べられているか。

(A) Ms. Hayashi is responsible for assembling the treadmill herself.
(B) An additional fee will be charged for the assembly service.
(C) A technician will set up the treadmill as part of the delivery service.
(D) Assembly must be completed before the delivery team arrives.

C-3：Ms. Hayashiが現在の配送日程を変更したい場合、いつまでに連絡しなければならないか。

(A) By November 8
(B) By November 10
(C) By November 12 at 10:00 a.m.
(D) Within 60 to 90 minutes of receiving this email

C-4：このメールから Ms. Hayashi について何がわかるか。

(A) She is a new customer who has not ordered from Orion before.
(B) She purchased more than one item.
(C) She requested a delivery on November 8.
(D) She lives far from Orion’s nearest warehouse.

C-5：このメールの主な目的は何か。

(A) To confirm that Ms. Hayashi’s order has been successfully placed
(B) To inform Ms. Hayashi that her order will arrive later than originally planned
(C) To request that Ms. Hayashi reschedule her delivery to November 12
(D) To notify Ms. Hayashi that one of her items is unavailable

C-6〜C-10（文書2：求人広告）

NOW HIRING: Operations Coordinator
Maplewood Distribution Center — Osaka

Maplewood Logistics is seeking an experienced Operations Coordinator for its Osaka Distribution Center to support the daily management of inbound and outbound shipment operations.

Responsibilities:
– Coordinate daily shipping schedules with carrier partners and warehouse teams
– Monitor inventory levels and flag discrepancies to the inventory management system
– Prepare weekly operational performance reports for the distribution center manager
– Serve as the primary point of contact for carrier queries during operating hours

Requirements:
– Minimum 3 years of experience in logistics, supply chain, or operations management
– Proficiency in Microsoft Excel and experience with warehouse management software (WMS)
– Strong organizational and communication skills
– Fluency in Japanese; conversational English is an advantage

Compensation:
Base salary of 4.8 to 5.8 million yen, depending on experience, with a comprehensive benefits package including health insurance, a commuting allowance, and an annual skills development budget of 120,000 yen.

Applications should be submitted via our careers portal at maplewood-logistics.co.jp/careers. The application deadline is July 31. Shortlisted candidates will be contacted within two weeks of the deadline for initial interviews.

C-6：このポジションの職務内容として述べられていないものはどれか。

(A) Communicating with transport companies
(B) Writing regular reports for a manager
(C) Recruiting and training new warehouse staff
(D) Tracking inventory and reporting inconsistencies

C-7：このポジションに応募する人が必ず持っていなければならない言語能力は何か。

(A) Business-level Japanese and English
(B) Fluency in Japanese
(C) Conversational English
(D) A certification in both Japanese and English

C-8：「年間スキル開発予算」とは何を指しているか。

(A) A payment made to employees who develop new skills on their own time
(B) A budget of 120,000 yen allocated for each employee’s professional development
(C) The total amount Maplewood spends on company-wide training each year
(D) A bonus paid to employees who complete skills certifications

C-9：このポジションに合格する可能性が最も高い応募者はどれか。

(A) A recent graduate with strong Excel skills and business-level English
(B) An operations manager with five years of experience in manufacturing but no logistics background
(C) A logistics coordinator with four years of experience, proficient in Excel and WMS, and fluent in Japanese
(D) A warehouse supervisor with two years of experience and conversational Japanese

C-10：応募者はいつまでに、どうやって応募しなければならないか。

(A) By phone before July 31
(B) Through the company’s online portal by July 31
(C) By email to the distribution center manager before August 14
(D) In person at the Osaka Distribution Center before the deadline

C-11〜C-15（文書3：ニュース記事）

Kansai Startup Hub Reports Record Activity in First Half of Year

The Kansai Startup Hub, a government-backed incubator program supporting early-stage technology companies in the Osaka-Kyoto-Kobe corridor, reported its highest ever six-month activity metrics in the first half of this year, with 68 new companies admitted to the program and 3.4 billion yen in total funding raised by Hub member firms.

Of the 68 admitted companies, 41 are in the deeptech sector — including AI, biotechnology, and advanced materials — reflecting a strategic shift in the Hub’s focus announced last year. The remaining 27 companies work in areas such as fintech, e-commerce, and sustainability-focused consumer products.

The Hub’s CEO, Ms. Rika Fujino, attributed the funding surge to improved connections with corporate venture capital arms and international investors. “Two years ago, almost no international venture funds were looking seriously at Kansai startups,” she said. “This year, 22 percent of all funding raised by Hub companies came from overseas investors.”

Despite the strong performance, the Hub faces a growing challenge in retaining talent. A survey of Hub member companies found that 63 percent reported difficulty attracting experienced engineers and data scientists, with many competing for the same limited pool of candidates as larger tech firms in Tokyo.

The Hub plans to address this by launching a partnership with four Kansai universities next spring to create a talent pipeline of graduates trained specifically in deeptech applications. Additionally, a new relocation incentive of 300,000 yen will be offered to engineers moving from other regions to join Hub-affiliated companies.

C-11：ハブが今年の上半期に達成したことの説明として正しいものはどれか。

(A) It admitted 68 companies and helped them raise more than 3 billion yen.
(B) It launched a new funding program valued at 3.4 billion yen.
(C) It received funding of 68 million yen from 34 new investors.
(D) It became the largest startup program in Japan.

C-12：ハブが今年受け入れた企業のうち、最多のカテゴリはどれか。

(A) Fintech and e-commerce companies
(B) Sustainability-focused consumer product companies
(C) Deep technology companies
(D) International companies from overseas

C-13：藤野氏は資金調達の急増をどのような理由に帰しているか。

(A) Government grants and subsidies for startup companies
(B) Better relationships with corporate and international investors
(C) A new policy requiring large companies to invest in startups
(D) The relocation of major venture capital firms to the Kansai region

C-14：ハブの加盟企業が直面している課題について、本文から読み取れることはどれか。

(A) Many member companies are struggling to secure funding from local investors.
(B) A majority of member companies find it hard to hire skilled technical workers.
(C) Member companies are losing employees to companies based in Tokyo.
(D) Engineers in the Kansai region prefer working for larger companies.

C-15：ハブが来春に導入する予定の2つの施策はどれか。

(A) Offering grants to startups and building a new incubation facility
(B) A university talent program and a financial incentive for engineers who relocate
(C) Recruiting international engineers and partnering with Tokyo-based universities
(D) Expanding the number of admitted companies and increasing funding limits

今日の重要語（10語）

本日のまとめ

今日のチェック：
– [ ] 同義語ペア（purchase→acquire / require→mandatory 等）を認識できる
– [ ] 能動↔受動・品詞変換のパラフレーズを見抜ける
– [ ] 「数字が変わっている」「方向が逆」などの引っ掛けに気づける

Phase 3 進捗

Day 15 完了：パラフレーズの認識 ✓Day 16：NOT問題・TRUE/FALSE問題の解法Day 17：推測問題・目的問題・意図問題の解法Day 18：Part 5 頻出文法パターン集中Day 19：Part 6 頻出パターン（接続詞・前置詞・語彙）Day 20：Part 7 設問タイプ別解法Day 21：Phase 3 総復習

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