なぜやるか
代名詞問題は Part5 で毎回2〜3問出題される頻出ジャンルです。選択肢に he / him / his / himself のような格変化が並んでいたら、文中の「位置」と「意味」を確認して正しい格を選ぶ問題です。
格変化の知識だけでなく、those who（〜する人々）や another / others / the other の使い分け、再帰代名詞の2つの用法など、見た目は似ているが意味の違う語の区別が問われます。
攻略法
①格変化表を覚える
| 主格（S） | 所有格（名詞前） | 目的格（動詞・前置詞後） | 所有代名詞（独立） | 再帰代名詞 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1人称単 | I | my | me | mine | myself |
| 2人称 | you | your | you | yours | yourself |
| 3人称単（男） | he | his | him | his | himself |
| 3人称単（女） | she | her | her | hers | herself |
| 3人称単（物） | it | its | it | — | itself |
| 1人称複 | we | our | us | ours | ourselves |
| 3人称複 | they | their | them | theirs | themselves |
②各格の判断基準
| 格 | 使う場所 | 例 |
|---|---|---|
| 主格 | 節の主語（S）位置 | They are responsible. |
| 所有格 | 名詞の直前 | Submit her report. |
| 目的格 | 動詞・前置詞の直後 | Send them the file. |
| 所有代名詞 | 名詞なしで「〜のもの」 | This plan is ours. |
| 再帰代名詞（再帰用法） | 動詞の目的語が主語と同一 | He introduced himself. |
| 再帰代名詞（強調用法） | 「〜自身が/自分で」を強調 | The CEO himself attended. |
③不定代名詞の区別
| 語 | 品詞 | 意味・使い方 |
|---|---|---|
| another | 代/形容詞 | もう一つ（不特定・単数）。名詞の前でも単独でも使える |
| other | 形容詞 | 他の（名詞の前で修飾専用）。”other projects” |
| others | 代名詞 | 他の人々・もの（複数・単独使用）。”Some like it; others don’t.” |
| the other | 代/形容詞 | 2つのうちの残り一方（特定） |
| the others | 代名詞 | 残り全員・全部（特定・複数） |
| each other | 代名詞 | お互い（主に2者間） |
| one another | 代名詞 | お互い（3者以上） |
| none | 代名詞 | 誰も/何も〜ない。none of the... の形が頻出 |
| those who | — | 〜する人々（= people who）。後ろに関係詞節が続く |
| those of | — | 〜のもの（複数名詞の代替）。”those of last year” |
④解き方
① 選択肢に格変化（he / him / his / himself）が並んでいたら代名詞問題
② 空所の「位置」を確認（主語S / 名詞前 / 動詞後 / 前置詞後）
③ 選択肢が another / other / others のとき → 可算・不可算・単複・特定不特定を確認
やり方
| ステップ | 内容 |
|---|---|
| 1 | 格変化表と不定代名詞の一覧を読んで整理する |
| 2 | 練習問題を解く（空所の位置と文の意味を両方確認） |
| 3 | 間違えた問題は「なぜその格か」「なぜその語か」を確認する |
| 4 | 正解できた問題も構造把握まで読んで根拠を確認する |
16問以上正解（80%）を目標にしてください。
練習問題（20問）
Q1. Ms. Chen asked the accounting team to send ------- the quarterly budget report before the end of the business day.
(A) she (B) her own (C) her (D) hers
Q1の解答・解説を見る
- (A) she → 主格。動詞の後ろの目的語位置には使えない
- (B) her own → 所有形容詞＋own で「彼女自身の〜」という修飾語。名詞の前に置くもので目的語には使えない
- (D) hers → 所有代名詞（独立用法）。「彼女のもの」という意味で名詞の代わりになるが、ここは名詞（report）が続いているので不可
S[Ms. Chen] V[asked] O[the accounting team] (to send her the quarterly budget report (before the end of the business day)).
Q2. The factory manager ------- conducted the safety inspection to ensure all procedures were properly followed by every member of the production team.
(A) himself (B) him (C) his (D) he
Q2の解答・解説を見る
- (B) him → 目的格。主語に対応する強調語は再帰代名詞
- (C) his → 所有格。名詞の前で使うもの
- (D) he → 主格だが、主語はすでに “The factory manager” であり、主格を並べることはできない
S[The factory manager] himself V[conducted] O[the safety inspection] (to ensure all procedures were properly followed (by every member (of the production team))).
Q3. Both companies submitted proposals for the urban redevelopment project, but the city council ultimately selected ------- over the competitor’s.
(A) we (B) our (C) us (D) ours
Q3の解答・解説を見る
- (A) we → 主格。動詞 selected の目的語位置には使えない
- (B) our → 所有格。後ろに必ず名詞が必要（our proposal）
- (C) us → 目的格。意味的に「私たちを選んだ」ではなく「私たちの提案を選んだ」が正しい
S[the city council] ultimately V[selected] O[ours] (over the competitor’s).
Q4. The early registration discount is available only to ------- who complete the application process before July 15 and pay in full at the time of enrollment.
(A) them (B) those (C) they (D) their
Q4の解答・解説を見る
- (A) them → 目的格。`them who ~` という表現は英語に存在しない
- (C) they → 主格。前置詞 to の後ろなので目的格または those が必要
- (D) their → 所有格。後ろに名詞がなく、この構造には使えない
S[The early registration discount] V[is available] (only to those (who complete the application process (before July 15) and pay in full (at the time of enrollment))).
Q5. After the connecting flight was delayed by severe weather conditions, the airline asked ------- to remain at the gate until further notice was provided by the ground crew.
(A) they (B) their (C) them (D) themselves
Q5の解答・解説を見る
- (A) they → 主格。ask の目的語位置には使えない
- (B) their → 所有格。名詞なしでは使えない
- (D) themselves → 再帰代名詞。ask の主語（the airline）と目的語（乗客）は異なる人物なので再帰代名詞は不適切
S[the airline] V[asked] O[them] (to remain (at the gate) (until further notice was provided (by the ground crew))).
Q6. The first workshop session will cover customer service skills, and ------- session will address advanced product knowledge at a date to be announced later.
(A) another (B) other (C) others (D) the other
Q6の解答・解説を見る
- (B) other → 複数名詞を修飾する（other sessions）。単数名詞の前には another を使う
- (C) others → 代名詞。後ろに名詞は置けない（”others session” は不可）
- (D) the other → 「（2つのうちの）残り一方」という特定の用法。文脈では2つに限定されていない
S[The first workshop session] V[will cover] O[customer service skills], and S[another session] V[will address] O[advanced product knowledge] (at a date to be announced later).
Q7. Participants in the annual networking event are encouraged to introduce ------- to other attendees at the start of the opening reception.
(A) they (B) their (C) them (D) themselves
Q7の解答・解説を見る
- (A) they → 主格。動詞の目的語位置には使えない
- (B) their → 所有格。名詞の前で使うもの
- (C) them → 目的格。主語と目的語が同一人物の場合は再帰代名詞を使う（`introduce them` だと「参加者が他の誰かを紹介する」という意味になってしまう）
S[Participants (in the annual networking event)] V[are encouraged] (to introduce themselves (to other attendees) (at the start (of the opening reception))).
Q8. The marketing director presented ------- proposal to the board of directors and received overwhelmingly positive feedback from every member of the panel.
(A) she (B) her (C) herself (D) hers
Q8の解答・解説を見る
- (A) she → 主格。名詞の前に置くことはできない
- (C) herself → 再帰代名詞。名詞の直前には使えない（”herself proposal” は不可）
- (D) hers → 所有代名詞（独立用法）。後ろに名詞が続く場合は所有格（her）を使う
S[The marketing director] V[presented] O[her proposal] (to the board of directors) and V[received] O[overwhelmingly positive feedback] (from every member (of the panel)).
Q9. The HR department reviewed over 80 applications for the senior analyst position, but ------- of the candidates fully met all of the listed requirements for the role.
(A) none (B) no (C) nothing (D) nobody
Q9の解答・解説を見る
- (B) no → 形容詞。`no candidates`（候補者がいない）は可能だが `no of the candidates` という形はない
- (C) nothing → 「もの・こと」に使う表現で、人（candidates）には不適切
- (D) nobody → 「誰も〜ない」だが `nobody of the candidates` という形は標準的でない。of を伴う場合は none を使う
S[The HR department] V[reviewed] O[over 80 applications] (for the senior analyst position), but S[none (of the candidates)] fully V[met] O[all of the listed requirements] (for the role).
Q10. The two department heads agreed to consult ------- before making any major decisions that could have a significant impact on both teams going forward.
(A) one (B) themselves (C) them (D) each other
Q10の解答・解説を見る
- (A) one → “consult one” は不自然（”one another” なら3者以上の相互）
- (B) themselves → 再帰代名詞。「自分自身に相談する」という意味になり不自然
- (C) them → 目的格。主語（the two department heads）と同一ではない「彼ら」になり、誰を指すか不明になる
S[The two department heads] V[agreed] (to consult each other (before making any major decisions (that could have a significant impact on both teams going forward))).
Q11. The revenue figures for this quarter were substantially higher than ------- recorded during the same period in the previous fiscal year.
(A) these (B) this (C) those (D) that
Q11の解答・解説を見る
- (A) these → 「これらの」という近くのものを指す指示代名詞。前年のデータを「こちら」と指すのは不自然
- (B) this → 単数形。revenue figures は複数
- (D) that → 単数形の代名詞。複数の revenue figures には使えない
S[The revenue figures (for this quarter)] V[were] substantially higher (than those recorded (during the same period (in the previous fiscal year))).
Q12. All employees who use the company’s parking facility are required to display their badge at all times, as ------- are responsible for maintaining the security of the premises.
(A) them (B) they (C) their (D) themselves
Q12の解答・解説を見る
- (A) them → 目的格。節の主語位置には使えない
- (C) their → 所有格。名詞の前で使うもの
- (D) themselves → 再帰代名詞。主語位置では使えない
S[All employees (who use the company’s parking facility)] V[are required] (to display their badge (at all times)), as S[they] V[are responsible] (for maintaining the security (of the premises)).
Q13. Mr. Davis brought his personal laptop to the conference because the equipment provided by the venue was considerably less powerful than -------.
(A) him (B) his own (C) he (D) his
Q13の解答・解説を見る
- (A) him → 目的格。`less powerful than him`（彼よりも）では「ラップトップが彼本人より性能が低い」になり不自然
- (B) his own → “his own” は「彼自身の〜」という形容詞句で後ろに名詞が必要（his own laptop）。単独では使えない
- (C) he → 主格。前置詞 than の後ろでは目的格か所有代名詞を使う
S[Mr. Davis] V[brought] O[his personal laptop] (to the conference) (because the equipment (provided by the venue) was considerably less powerful than his).
Q14. Some members of the research team prefer conducting fieldwork outdoors, while ------- find data analysis in the laboratory environment more productive and efficient.
(A) others (B) other (C) another (D) the other
Q14の解答・解説を見る
- (B) other → 形容詞。単独で主語にはなれない（`other members` なら可）
- (C) another → 単数。複数の人々を指す場合には不適切
- (D) the other → 「2つのうちの残り一方（特定）」。研究チームは2人だけではないので不自然
S[Some members (of the research team)] V[prefer] O[conducting fieldwork outdoors], while S[others] V[find] O[data analysis (in the laboratory environment)] more productive and efficient.
Q15. Customers are invited to explore all of the features of the new product ------- at the demonstration booth before making a final purchasing decision.
(A) them (B) they (C) themselves (D) theirs
Q15の解答・解説を見る
- (A) them → 目的格。explore の目的語は “all of the features” なので、二重目的語にはなれない
- (B) they → 主格。強調語として機能しない
- (D) theirs → 所有代名詞。文の構造上意味をなさない
S[Customers] V[are invited] (to explore all (of the features (of the new product)) themselves (at the demonstration booth) (before making a final purchasing decision)).
Q16. The Riverside Cultural Center will open ------- new exhibition hall to the public on the first Saturday of next month.
(A) it (B) its (C) itself (D) their
Q16の解答・解説を見る
- (A) it → 主格または目的格。名詞の前には置けない
- (C) itself → 再帰代名詞。名詞の前には使えない（”itself new exhibition hall” は不可）
- (D) their → 複数の所有格。主語（The Riverside Cultural Center）は単数なので不一致
S[The Riverside Cultural Center] V[will open] O[its new exhibition hall] (to the public) (on the first Saturday (of next month)).
Q17. The company’s employee wellness program offers a special year-end incentive for ------- who maintain a consistent exercise routine throughout the calendar year.
(A) those (B) them (C) they (D) their
Q17の解答・解説を見る
- (B) them → 目的格。`them who ~` という表現は英語に存在しない
- (C) they → 主格。前置詞 for の後ろは使えない
- (D) their → 所有格。後ろに名詞が必要
S[The company’s employee wellness program] V[offers] O[a special year-end incentive] (for those (who maintain a consistent exercise routine (throughout the calendar year))).
Q18. The sales team’s proposal for the new product launch was considerably more detailed and comprehensive than ------- submitted by the other two departments.
(A) they (B) their (C) them (D) theirs
Q18の解答・解説を見る
- (A) they → 主格。前置詞 than の後ろは目的格か所有代名詞
- (B) their → 所有格。後ろに名詞が必要（their proposal）。ここでは名詞 submitted が続いているが、submitted は過去分詞の形容詞であり “their submitted” は不自然
- (C) them → 目的格。`more detailed than them`（彼らより）では人物と比較することになり不自然
S[The sales team’s proposal (for the new product launch)] V[was] considerably more detailed and comprehensive (than theirs submitted (by the other two departments)).
Q19. A free trial version of the application is available so that you can evaluate all of its core features ------- before committing to an annual subscription plan.
(A) you (B) your (C) yourself (D) yours
Q19の解答・解説を見る
- (A) you → 主格または目的格。evaluate の目的語は “all of its core features” なのでここには使えない
- (B) your → 所有格。名詞の前で使うもの
- (D) yours → 所有代名詞（独立用法）。文の構造上、「あなたのもの」という意味には合わない
S[A free trial version (of the application)] V[is available] (so that you can evaluate all (of its core features) yourself (before committing (to an annual subscription plan))).
Q20. Ms. Park specializes in mobile application development but also accepts ------- technology consulting projects when her workload and schedule permit.
(A) others (B) other (C) another (D) the other
Q20の解答・解説を見る
- (A) others → 代名詞。単独で使い、後ろに名詞は置けない（”others projects” は不可）
- (C) another → 単数名詞の前に使う（another project）。後ろが複数形（projects）なので不可
- (D) the other → 「（2つのうちの）残り一方」という特定の意味。ここは不特定の「他の案件」
S[Ms. Park] V[specializes] (in mobile application development) but also V[accepts] O[other technology consulting projects] (when her workload and schedule permit).
| 問題 | 正解 | カテゴリ |
|---|---|---|
| Q1 | (C) her | 目的格 |
| Q2 | (A) himself | 再帰代名詞・強調用法 |
| Q3 | (D) ours | 所有代名詞（独立） |
| Q4 | (B) those | those who |
| Q5 | (C) them | 目的格 |
| Q6 | (A) another | another（不特定・単数） |
| Q7 | (D) themselves | 再帰代名詞・再帰用法 |
| Q8 | (B) her | 所有格 |
| Q9 | (A) none | none of |
| Q10 | (D) each other | each other（相互代名詞） |
| Q11 | (C) those | those of（複数名詞の代替） |
| Q12 | (B) they | 主格 |
| Q13 | (D) his | 所有代名詞（独立） |
| Q14 | (A) others | others（代名詞・他の人々） |
| Q15 | (C) themselves | 再帰代名詞・強調用法 |
| Q16 | (B) its | 所有格 |
| Q17 | (A) those | those who |
| Q18 | (D) theirs | 所有代名詞（独立） |
| Q19 | (C) yourself | 再帰代名詞・強調用法 |
| Q20 | (B) other | other（形容詞的用法） |
正解数の分布：A×5 / B×5 / C×5 / D×5