なぜやるか
Level 2では「主語に合わせた動詞の形・能動態と受動態・時制」を学びました。これだけで動詞問題の大半は解けます。
しかし600点以上を狙うには、「動詞の後に続く形が決まっている」パターンを確実に押さえる必要があります。
- 仮定法現在:suggest / recommend などの後の that 節では、動詞を「原形」にする
- to が前置詞になる熟語:look forward to のあとは「動名詞(-ing)」
- 使役・知覚動詞:make / let / have / watch の後に来る動詞は「原形」
- 動名詞を伴う慣用表現:have difficulty / be worth / cannot help の後は「-ing」
「何となく to があるから不定詞」ではなく、熟語ごとに後ろに来る動詞の形を覚えるのがこのレッスンのポイントです。
攻略法
パターン1:仮定法現在(要求・提案を表す動詞 + that + S + V原形)
以下の動詞が使われた that 節では、主語に関係なく動詞が原形になります。
| グループ | 動詞 |
|---|---|
| 提案 | suggest, propose, recommend |
| 要求 | require, request, demand |
| 主張 | insist |
| 命令 | order, direct |
The manager suggested that the team [submit / submits ✗] the report by Friday.
→ 主語が team でも三単現の s をつけない → submit(原形)
よく出る落とし穴:
– 三単現の -s をつけてしまう(× submits)
– 過去形にしてしまう(× submitted)
– -ing 形にしてしまう(× submitting)
パターン2:to が前置詞になる熟語 → 後ろは動名詞(-ing)
以下の表現の「to」は前置詞なので、後ろには動詞の原形ではなく動名詞(-ing)が続きます。
| 熟語 | 意味 |
|---|---|
| look forward to doing | 〜を楽しみにしている |
| be committed to doing | 〜に尽力している |
| object to doing | 〜に反対する |
| be accustomed to doing | 〜に慣れている |
| contribute to doing | 〜に貢献する |
| be dedicated to doing | 〜に専念している |
| be opposed to doing | 〜に反対している |
We look forward to [hear / hearing ✓] from you.
→ to は前置詞 → hearing(動名詞)
パターン3:使役・知覚動詞 + O + 動詞原形
以下の動詞の後は「O(目的語)+動詞原形」の形になります。to は不要です。
| 使役動詞 | 知覚動詞 |
|---|---|
| make + O + V原形(〜させる) | see / watch / hear / feel + O + V原形 or Ving |
| let + O + V原形(〜させる) | |
| have + O + V原形(〜させる・してもらう) | |
| help + O + (to) V原形(〜するのを助ける) |
The manager made the team [to work / work ✓] overtime.
→ make + O + V原形 → work(to 不要)
パターン4:動名詞を伴う慣用表現
以下の表現の後には必ず動名詞(-ing)が続きます。
| 表現 | 意味 |
|---|---|
| have difficulty doing | 〜するのに苦労する |
| be worth doing | 〜する価値がある |
| cannot help doing | 〜せずにいられない |
| spend time doing | 〜して時間を過ごす |
| prevent O from doing | O が〜するのを防ぐ |
| keep O from doing | O が〜するのを防ぐ |
| stop O from doing | O が〜するのを止める |
やり方
| ステップ | 内容 |
|---|---|
| 1 | 攻略法の4パターンを読み、表を覚える |
| 2 | 練習問題を解く(選択肢を見る前に、空所前の熟語・動詞を確認する) |
| 3 | 間違えた問題は「どのパターンか」を特定してから解説を読む |
| 4 | 正解できた問題も、構造把握まで読んで根拠を確認する |
16問以上正解(80%)を目標にしてください。
練習問題(20問)
Q1. The HR manager suggested that the company ------- a comprehensive review of its employee benefits package.
(A) conducts (B) conducted (C) conduct (D) conducting
Q1の解答・解説を見る
- (A) conducts → 三単現の -s 形。仮定法現在では原形を使う
- (B) conducted → 過去形。仮定法現在では原形を使う
- (D) conducting → -ing 形。仮定法現在では原形を使う
S[The HR manager] V[suggested] that (S[the company] V[conduct] a comprehensive review (of its employee benefits package)).
Q2. The entire development team is looking forward to ------- the new product at next month’s industry conference.
(A) showcase (B) showcased (C) be showcased (D) showcasing
Q2の解答・解説を見る
- (A) showcase → 動詞の原形。to の後に原形は不可(この to は前置詞)
- (B) showcased → 過去分詞。前置詞の後に過去分詞だけでは不自然
- (C) be showcased → 受動態の原形。前置詞の後に be + p.p. の形は入れない
S[The entire development team] V[is looking forward] (to showcasing the new product) (at next month’s industry conference).
Q3. The new incentive system made all sales representatives ------- harder to meet their quarterly targets.
(A) work (B) to work (C) working (D) worked
Q3の解答・解説を見る
- (B) to work → to 不定詞。make の使役構文では to は不要
- (C) working → -ing 形。make は目的語の後に原形をとる(working ではない)
- (D) worked → 過去形/過去分詞。make + O + V原形 の形なので過去形は不可
S[The new incentive system] V[made] all sales representatives work harder (to meet their quarterly targets).
Q4. Many participants had difficulty ------- the technical instructions provided in the workshop manual.
(A) to understand (B) understanding (C) understand (D) understood
Q4の解答・解説を見る
- (A) to understand → to 不定詞。have difficulty の後は動名詞(-ing)
- (C) understand → 動詞の原形。have difficulty の後に原形は入れない
- (D) understood → 過去形/過去分詞。have difficulty の後に過去形は入れない
S[Many participants] V[had] difficulty (understanding the technical instructions (provided (in the workshop manual))).
Q5. The safety consultant recommended that the building management ------- all emergency exits before the annual fire drill.
(A) inspects (B) inspected (C) inspecting (D) inspect
Q5の解答・解説を見る
- (A) inspects → 三単現の -s 形。仮定法現在では原形を使う
- (B) inspected → 過去形。仮定法現在では原形を使う
- (C) inspecting → -ing 形。仮定法現在では原形を使う
S[The safety consultant] V[recommended] that (S[the building management] V[inspect] all emergency exits (before the annual fire drill)).
Q6. The company is committed to ------- a workplace environment where every employee feels valued and heard.
(A) creating (B) create (C) created (D) creation
Q6の解答・解説を見る
- (B) create → 動詞の原形。to の後に原形は不可(この to は前置詞)
- (C) created → 過去分詞。前置詞の後に過去分詞だけでは不自然
- (D) creation → 名詞「創出」。be committed to creation とも言えなくはないが、後ろに目的語(a workplace environment)が続いているため動名詞が正しい
S[The company] V[is committed] (to creating a workplace environment (where every employee feels valued and heard)).
Q7. The department head let the research assistants ------- the lab early to attend the symposium downtown.
(A) to leave (B) leave (C) leaving (D) left
Q7の解答・解説を見る
- (A) to leave → to 不定詞。let の使役構文では to は不要
- (C) leaving → -ing 形。let は目的語の後に原形をとる(leaving ではない)
- (D) left → 過去形/過去分詞。let + O + V原形 の形なので過去形は不可
S[The department head] V[let] the research assistants leave the lab early (to attend the symposium downtown).
Q8. The industry analysis report concluded that the new certification is worth ------- for professionals seeking career advancement.
(A) pursue (B) to pursue (C) pursuing (D) pursued
Q8の解答・解説を見る
- (A) pursue → 動詞の原形。be worth の後に原形は入れない
- (B) to pursue → to 不定詞。be worth の後は動名詞(-ing)
- (D) pursued → 過去分詞。be worth の後に過去分詞は入れない
S[The industry analysis report] V[concluded] that (S[the new certification] V[is] worth pursuing) (for professionals (seeking career advancement)).
Q9. The updated building code requires that all newly constructed office buildings ------- a backup power system.
(A) installing (B) installs (C) installed (D) install
Q9の解答・解説を見る
- (A) installing → -ing 形。仮定法現在では原形を使う
- (B) installs → 三単現の -s 形。仮定法現在では原形を使う(主語が複数でも確認が必要)
- (C) installed → 過去形。仮定法現在では原形を使う
S[The updated building code] V[requires] that (S[all newly constructed office buildings] V[install] a backup power system).
Q10. Several board members objected to ------- the proposed acquisition without first conducting a thorough risk assessment.
(A) approving (B) approve (C) approved (D) approval
Q10の解答・解説を見る
- (B) approve → 動詞の原形。to の後に原形は不可(この to は前置詞)
- (C) approved → 過去分詞。前置詞の後に過去分詞だけでは不自然
- (D) approval → 名詞「承認」。objected to approval とも言えなくはないが、後ろに目的語(the proposed acquisition)が続いているため動名詞が正しい
S[Several board members] V[objected] (to approving the proposed acquisition) (without first conducting a thorough risk assessment).
Q11. The project coordinator had the entire team ------- their progress reports by noon every Friday.
(A) submitted (B) submit (C) to submit (D) submitting
Q11の解答・解説を見る
- (A) submitted → 過去分詞。have + O + p.p. は「〜してもらう(受動的)」の意味になり、文意が変わる
- (C) to submit → to 不定詞。have の使役構文では to は不要
- (D) submitting → -ing 形。have + O + V原形 の形なので -ing 形は不可
S[The project coordinator] V[had] the entire team submit their progress reports (by noon) (every Friday).
Q12. After reading the overwhelmingly positive customer reviews, the marketing director could not help ------- about launching a nationwide product campaign.
(A) to think (B) think (C) thinking (D) thought
Q12の解答・解説を見る
- (A) to think → to 不定詞。cannot help の後は動名詞(-ing)
- (B) think → 動詞の原形。cannot help の後に原形は入れない
- (D) thought → 過去形/名詞「考え」。cannot help の後に過去形は入れない
(After reading the overwhelmingly positive customer reviews), S[the marketing director] V[could not help] thinking (about launching a nationwide product campaign).
Q13. The head of accounting insisted that every expense report ------- two forms of supporting documentation.
(A) includes (B) include (C) included (D) including
Q13の解答・解説を見る
- (A) includes → 三単現の -s 形。仮定法現在では原形を使う
- (C) included → 過去形。仮定法現在では原形を使う
- (D) including → -ing 形。仮定法現在では原形を使う
S[The head of accounting] V[insisted] that (S[every expense report] V[include] two forms (of supporting documentation)).
Q14. New staff members are expected to be accustomed to ------- remotely within their first few months of employment.
(A) work (B) worked (C) workable (D) working
Q14の解答・解説を見る
- (A) work → 動詞の原形。to の後に原形は不可(この to は前置詞)
- (B) worked → 過去分詞。前置詞の後に過去分詞だけでは不自然
- (C) workable → 形容詞「実行可能な」。前置詞の後に形容詞は入れない
S[New staff members] V[are expected] (to be accustomed (to working remotely)) (within their first few months (of employment)).
Q15. The step-by-step orientation guide helped new recruits ------- the complex internal systems more efficiently.
(A) navigate (B) navigates (C) to navigating (D) navigated
Q15の解答・解説を見る
- (B) navigates → 三単現の -s 形。help + O の後には原形が続く
- (C) to navigating → to + 動名詞の形。help の後は(to)+ 原形であり、to navigating は不可
- (D) navigated → 過去形/過去分詞。help + O + V原形 の形なので過去形は不可
S[The step-by-step orientation guide] V[helped] new recruits navigate the complex internal systems (more efficiently).
Q16. The quality assurance team spent considerable time ------- the updated production procedures before full implementation.
(A) review (B) to review (C) reviewing (D) reviewed
Q16の解答・解説を見る
- (A) review → 動詞の原形。spend time の後に原形は入れない
- (B) to review → to 不定詞。spend time の後は動名詞(-ing)
- (D) reviewed → 過去形/過去分詞。spend time の後は動名詞(-ing)
S[The quality assurance team] V[spent] considerable time (reviewing the updated production procedures) (before full implementation).
Q17. The planning committee proposed that the annual conference ------- rescheduled to allow more time for venue preparation.
(A) being (B) was (C) is (D) be
Q17の解答・解説を見る
- (A) being → be 動詞の -ing 形。仮定法現在では原形 be を使う
- (B) was → be 動詞の過去形。仮定法現在では原形 be を使う
- (C) is → be 動詞の現在形。仮定法現在では原形 be を使う
S[The planning committee] V[proposed] that (S[the annual conference] V[be rescheduled]) (to allow more time (for venue preparation)).
Q18. The research foundation is dedicated to ------- innovation in the field of renewable energy technology.
(A) advancing (B) advance (C) advanced (D) advancement
Q18の解答・解説を見る
- (B) advance → 動詞の原形。to の後に原形は不可(この to は前置詞)
- (C) advanced → 過去分詞/形容詞「高度な」。前置詞の後に過去分詞だけでは不自然
- (D) advancement → 名詞「進歩」。dedicated to advancement とも言えなくはないが、後ろに目的語(innovation)が続いているため動名詞が正しい
S[The research foundation] V[is dedicated] (to advancing innovation) (in the field (of renewable energy technology)).
Q19. The factory inspector watched the assembly line workers ------- each component carefully before passing it to the next station.
(A) to examine (B) examine (C) examines (D) examined
Q19の解答・解説を見る
- (A) to examine → to 不定詞。知覚動詞の後には to なしの原形(または -ing)が続く
- (C) examines → 三単現の -s 形。知覚動詞の後には原形が続く
- (D) examined → 過去形/過去分詞。watch + O + V原形 の形なので過去形は不可
S[The factory inspector] V[watched] the assembly line workers examine each component carefully (before passing it (to the next station)).
Q20. The new security system is designed to prevent unauthorized users from ------- sensitive company records.
(A) access (B) to access (C) accessing (D) accessed
Q20の解答・解説を見る
- (A) access → 動詞の原形。from は前置詞なので原形は入れない
- (B) to access → to 不定詞。from の後は動名詞(-ing)
- (D) accessed → 過去分詞。prevent O from の後は動名詞(-ing)
S[The new security system] V[is designed] (to prevent unauthorized users (from accessing sensitive company records)).
| 問題 | 正解 | パターン |
|---|---|---|
| Q1 | C | 仮定法現在(suggest that S V原形) |
| Q2 | D | to が前置詞(look forward to doing) |
| Q3 | A | 使役動詞(make + O + V原形) |
| Q4 | B | 動名詞の慣用表現(have difficulty doing) |
| Q5 | D | 仮定法現在(recommend that S V原形) |
| Q6 | A | to が前置詞(be committed to doing) |
| Q7 | B | 使役動詞(let + O + V原形) |
| Q8 | C | 動名詞の慣用表現(be worth doing) |
| Q9 | D | 仮定法現在(require that S V原形) |
| Q10 | A | to が前置詞(object to doing) |
| Q11 | B | 使役動詞(have + O + V原形) |
| Q12 | C | 動名詞の慣用表現(cannot help doing) |
| Q13 | B | 仮定法現在(insist that S V原形) |
| Q14 | D | to が前置詞(be accustomed to doing) |
| Q15 | A | 使役動詞(help + O + V原形) |
| Q16 | C | 動名詞の慣用表現(spend time doing) |
| Q17 | D | 仮定法現在(propose that S be p.p.) |
| Q18 | A | to が前置詞(be dedicated to doing) |
| Q19 | B | 知覚動詞(watch + O + V原形) |
| Q20 | C | 動名詞の慣用表現(prevent O from doing) |
A: 5問 / B: 5問 / C: 5問 / D: 5問