なぜやるか
「数の問題」と「比較の問題」は、TOEIC Part5 において毎回1〜2問ずつ出題される安定した出題ジャンルです。
- 数の問題：空所の後の名詞が「可算か不可算か」「単数か複数か」を見るだけで正解が絞れます。知識問題なので、表を一度覚えれば確実に得点できます
- 比較の問題：空所の前後に than / as / of all / in +範囲 などのシグナル語があれば、そこから比較級・最上級・原級を選ぶだけです
攻略法
数の問題：修飾できる名詞の種類
| 語句 | 可算名詞（単数） | 可算名詞（複数） | 不可算名詞 |
|---|---|---|---|
| every | ✓（every employee） | ✗ | ✗ |
| each | ✓（each item） | ✗ | ✗ |
| another | ✓（another option） | ✗ | ✗ |
| many | ✗ | ✓（many reports） | ✗ |
| few | ✗ | ✓（few applicants） | ✗ |
| several | ✗ | ✓（several candidates） | ✗ |
| much | ✗ | ✗ | ✓（much progress） |
| little | ✗ | ✗ | ✓（little time） |
| most | ✗ | ✓（most employees） | ✓（most information） |
| all | ✗ | ✓（all employees） | ✓（all information） |
重要：almost は副詞 → 名詞を直接修飾しない。almost all / almost every の形で使う。
other の使い分け：
| 語句 | 用法 | 例 |
|---|---|---|
| another | 不特定の別の1つ（単数名詞の前） | another solution |
| other | 別の〜（複数名詞・不可算名詞の前） | other options |
| the other | 特定の残り（1つまたは複数） | the other candidate |
| others | 代名詞（名詞を修飾しない） | others agreed |
比較の問題：シグナル語から形を逆算する
| シグナル語 | 必要な形 | 例 |
|---|---|---|
| than | 比較級 | more efficient than |
| of all / in +範囲 | 最上級（the + 最上級） | the largest in the region |
| as ＿ as | 原級（変化なし） | as quickly as |
| not as/so ＿ as | 原級（変化なし） | not as effective as |
| of the two | 比較級（the + 比較級） | the more qualified of the two |
比較級の強調（very は不可）：
✓ much / far / even / still + 比較級
✗ very + 比較級（very more efficient は不可）
the + 比較級, the + 比較級：The more carefully you read, the better you understand.
（読めば読むほど、理解が深まる）
やり方
| ステップ | 内容 |
|---|---|
| 1 | 攻略法の表を読み、可算/不可算と比較のシグナル語を確認する |
| 2 | 問題を解く（まず空所後の名詞の種類、または前後のシグナル語を確認） |
| 3 | 間違えた問題は「なぜその語が使えないか」を表で確認する |
| 4 | 正解できた問題も、構造把握まで読んで根拠を確認する |
16問以上正解（80%）を目標にしてください。
練習問題（20問）
Q1. ------- participant in the regional sales training program is required to complete a brief online assessment before the first session begins next Monday morning.
(A) All (B) Every (C) Many (D) Most
Q1の解答・解説を見る
- (A) All → all + 可算名詞複数形（all participants）または不可算名詞。”all participant” は不可
- (C) Many → many + 可算名詞複数形。”many participant” は不可
- (D) Most → most + 可算名詞複数形または不可算名詞。”most participant” は不可
Every S[participant (in the regional sales training program)] V[is required] (to complete a brief online assessment) (before the first session begins (next Monday morning)).
Q2. The updated inventory management system has proven to be considerably ------- than the previous version, reducing the time required to process supplier orders by nearly thirty percent.
(A) efficient (B) most efficient (C) efficiency (D) more efficient
Q2の解答・解説を見る
- (A) efficient → 原級。than とともに使う場合は比較級が必要
- (B) most efficient → 最上級（the most efficient）。than を伴わない
- (C) efficiency → 名詞。空所には形容詞の比較級が必要
S[The updated inventory management system] V[has proven] (to be considerably more efficient than the previous version), (reducing the time (required (to process supplier orders)) (by nearly thirty percent)).
Q3. ------- of the three bids submitted for the infrastructure renovation contract was reviewed carefully by a panel of independent auditors before a final decision was announced.
(A) Each (B) All (C) Many (D) Several
Q3の解答・解説を見る
- (B) All → “all of X” は複数扱い → “were reviewed” が必要。”was reviewed” とは一致しない
- (C) Many → “many of the three bids”（3つしかない入札の「多く」）は意味的に不自然
- (D) Several → “several of the three bids”（3つしかない入札の「いくつか」）は意味的に不自然
Each of the three bids (submitted (for the infrastructure renovation contract)) V[was reviewed] carefully (by a panel (of independent auditors)) (before a final decision was announced).
Q4. The marketing team proposed launching the campaign ------- than originally scheduled so that it would coincide with the opening of the company’s new flagship store downtown.
(A) earliest (B) early (C) earlier (D) earliest possible
Q4の解答・解説を見る
- (A) earliest → 最上級。than を伴わない
- (B) early → 原級。than とともに使う場合は比較級が必要
- (D) earliest possible → 「可能な限り最も早く」の意味の最上級表現。than を伴わない
S[The marketing team] V[proposed] launching the campaign earlier than originally scheduled (so that it would coincide (with the opening (of the company’s new flagship store) downtown)).
Q5. The finance director acknowledged that ------- additional information would be needed before the executive team could proceed with a formal vote on the proposed budget revision.
(A) many (B) few (C) several (D) much
Q5の解答・解説を見る
- (A) many → 可算名詞複数形を修飾。”many information” は不可
- (B) few → 可算名詞複数形を修飾する否定的表現。”few information” は不可
- (C) several → 可算名詞複数形を修飾。”several information” は不可
S[The finance director] V[acknowledged] that much additional information V[would be needed] (before the executive team could proceed (with a formal vote (on the proposed budget revision))).
Q6. With ------- time remaining before the client presentation, the design team decided to focus exclusively on refining the key visual elements rather than making comprehensive revisions.
(A) few (B) little (C) a few (D) many
Q6の解答・解説を見る
- (A) few → 可算名詞複数形を修飾する否定的表現。”few time” は不可
- (C) a few → 可算名詞複数形を修飾（「少しある」）。”a few time” は不可
- (D) many → 可算名詞複数形を修飾。”many time” は不可（many times は可）
(With little time remaining (before the client presentation)), S[the design team] V[decided] (to focus exclusively (on refining the key visual elements) (rather than making comprehensive revisions)).
Q7. Ms. Rodriguez was recognized as ------- experienced candidate of all those who applied for the senior product development manager position during the most recent hiring cycle.
(A) more (B) much (C) the most (D) most
Q7の解答・解説を見る
- (A) more → 比較級。of all とのセットにはならない（”more…than” が必要）
- (B) much → 副詞。比較級を強調する場合に使うが、単独で最上級の意味は作れない
- (D) most → 定冠詞 the が必要（”of all” がある場合は the most）
S[Ms. Rodriguez] V[was recognized] (as the most experienced candidate (of all those (who applied (for the senior product development manager position) (during the most recent hiring cycle)))).
Q8. ------- all of the vendors who participated in the annual supplier conference expressed satisfaction with the new procurement procedures introduced by the company’s operations team.
(A) Almost (B) Most (C) Every (D) Each
Q8の解答・解説を見る
- (B) Most → “most all of the vendors” は標準的な英語ではない。”most of the vendors” または “almost all of the vendors” が正しい形
- (C) Every → “every all of the vendors” は不可
- (D) Each → “each all of the vendors” は不可
Almost all of the vendors (who participated (in the annual supplier conference)) V[expressed] satisfaction (with the new procurement procedures (introduced (by the company’s operations team))).
Q9. The operations manager approved one of the two proposed solutions immediately and asked the team to analyze ------- option more carefully before presenting it to the board.
(A) others (B) other (C) another (D) the other
Q9の解答・解説を見る
- (A) others → 代名詞。名詞（option）を直接修飾できない（”others option” は不可）
- (B) other → “other option”（単数形の前の other）は不自然。other は通常複数名詞の前（other options）
- (C) another → “another option” は「不特定の別の1つ」の意味。ここは2つしかないので「残りの1つ（特定）」= the other が適切
S[The operations manager] V[approved] one (of the two proposed solutions) immediately and V[asked] the team (to analyze the other option more carefully) (before presenting it (to the board)).
Q10. The Meridian Financial Center is currently the ------- office complex in the entire metropolitan area, accommodating over fifteen thousand employees across its forty-two floors.
(A) large (B) larger (C) largest (D) largely
Q10の解答・解説を見る
- (A) large → 原級。最上級を示す in + 範囲 の前には最上級が必要
- (B) larger → 比較級。in + 範囲 には最上級が必要
- (D) largely → 副詞。名詞 office complex を修飾する位置には形容詞が必要
S[The Meridian Financial Center] V[is] currently the largest office complex (in the entire metropolitan area), (accommodating over fifteen thousand employees (across its forty-two floors)).
Q11. ------- employees who are enrolled in the company’s professional development program are encouraged to set specific learning goals at the beginning of each quarter and review their progress with their direct supervisors.
(A) Every (B) All (C) Each (D) Either
Q11の解答・解説を見る
- (A) Every → every + 可算名詞単数形。”every employees” は不可（every employee は可）
- (C) Each → each + 可算名詞単数形。”each employees” は不可
- (D) Either → either + 可算名詞単数形（2者のどちらか）。”either employees” は不可
All S[employees (who are enrolled (in the company’s professional development program))] V[are encouraged] (to set specific learning goals (at the beginning of each quarter) and review their progress (with their direct supervisors)).
Q12. The product development team submitted ------- alternative designs for the packaging before the marketing department selected the final concept to present to the client.
(A) several (B) much (C) a little (D) little
Q12の解答・解説を見る
- (B) much → 不可算名詞を修飾。”much designs” は不可
- (C) a little → 不可算名詞を修飾（「少しある」）。”a little designs” は不可
- (D) little → 不可算名詞を修飾する否定的表現。”little designs” は不可
S[The product development team] V[submitted] several alternative designs (for the packaging) (before the marketing department selected the final concept (to present (to the client))).
Q13. The head of the logistics department resolved the primary shipping delay, but ------- issues related to customs clearance and documentation still need to be addressed before the cargo can be released.
(A) another (B) others (C) other (D) the other
Q13の解答・解説を見る
- (A) another → another + 可算名詞単数形。”another issues” は不可（another issue は可）
- (B) others → 代名詞。名詞（issues）を直接修飾する形容詞用法はない（”others issues” は不可）
- (D) the other → the other は「特定の残り」を指す表現。ここでは「その他の諸問題」という不特定の意味なので other が適切
S[The head (of the logistics department)] V[resolved] the primary shipping delay, but other issues (related (to customs clearance and documentation)) still V[need] (to be addressed) (before the cargo can be released).
Q14. The newly appointed regional director has demonstrated that she can manage complex cross-departmental projects ------- effectively as her predecessor, who was widely regarded as one of the most capable leaders in the organization.
(A) so (B) more (C) much (D) as
Q14の解答・解説を見る
- (A) so → “not so effectively as” のように否定文で as の代わりに使えるが、肯定文では as が標準的
- (B) more → “more effectively than” の比較級。as とのペアにはならない
- (C) much → “much effectively as” は不可。much は比較級を強調する（much more effective）
S[The newly appointed regional director] V[has demonstrated] that (she V[can manage] complex cross-departmental projects as effectively as her predecessor, (who was widely regarded (as one (of the most capable leaders) (in the organization)))).
Q15. The committee recognized that ------- additional research would be necessary to validate the initial findings before recommending any changes to the current environmental policy framework.
(A) many (B) much (C) few (D) several
Q15の解答・解説を見る
- (A) many → 可算名詞複数形を修飾。”many research” は不可
- (C) few → 可算名詞複数形を修飾する否定的表現。”few research” は不可
- (D) several → 可算名詞複数形を修飾。”several research” は不可
S[The committee] V[recognized] that (much additional research V[would be necessary] (to validate the initial findings) (before recommending any changes (to the current environmental policy framework))).
Q16. The streamlined production process introduced last quarter has proven to be ------- more cost-effective than the traditional method that the company had been using for the previous decade.
(A) far (B) very (C) so (D) too
Q16の解答・解説を見る
- (B) very → “very more cost-effective” は不可。very は原級（very good）を強調するが、比較級（more…）は強調しない
- (C) so → “so more cost-effective” は不可。so も原級（so good）を強調するが、比較級には使えない
- (D) too → “too more cost-effective” は不可。too は「〜すぎる」の意味で原級を修飾するが、比較級には使えない
S[The streamlined production process (introduced last quarter)] V[has proven] (to be far more cost-effective than the traditional method (that the company had been using (for the previous decade))).
Q17. Of the two candidates shortlisted for the senior marketing position, Mr. Tanaka is considered ------- qualified, having led successful product launches in both domestic and international markets.
(A) more than (B) the most (C) the more (D) most
Q17の解答・解説を見る
- (A) more than → “more than qualified” は「十分以上に適任だ」という慣用表現。ここは2者比較の文脈なので the more が適切
- (B) the most → 3人以上の最上級表現。2者の比較には the more を使う
- (D) most → 定冠詞 the が必要。また2者比較には the more を使う
(Of the two candidates (shortlisted (for the senior marketing position))), S[Mr. Tanaka] V[is considered] the more qualified, (having led successful product launches (in both domestic and international markets)).
Q18. The proposed budget cuts are expected to make the department’s already limited resources ------- more stretched, potentially affecting the quality of services provided to external clients.
(A) so (B) very (C) too (D) even
Q18の解答・解説を見る
- (A) so → “so more stretched” は不可。so は原級（so tight）を強調するが、比較級には使えない
- (B) very → “very more stretched” は不可。very は原級を強調するが、比較級は強調しない
- (C) too → “too more stretched” は不可。too は比較級を修飾しない
S[The proposed budget cuts] V[are expected] (to make the department’s already limited resources even more stretched), (potentially affecting the quality (of services (provided (to external clients)))).
Q19. ------- carefully the auditors examined the financial records, the more discrepancies they found between the reported figures and the actual transaction data.
(A) The more (B) Much (C) Very (D) So
Q19の解答・解説を見る
- (B) Much → “Much carefully … the more” は不可。the比較級, the比較級 の構文が必要
- (C) Very → “Very carefully … the more” は不可
- (D) So → “So carefully … the more” は不可
The more carefully S[the auditors] V[examined] the financial records, S[the more discrepancies] V[they found] (between the reported figures and the actual transaction data).
Q20. The feedback from the initial pilot program indicated that the online training module was ------- engaging as the in-person workshop format that the company had traditionally used for new employee onboarding.
(A) more (B) not as (C) less than (D) much
Q20の解答・解説を見る
- (A) more → “more engaging as” は不可。比較級の場合は “more…than” が必要
- (C) less than → “less than engaging as” は文法的に不成立。”less engaging than” が正しい形
- (D) much → “much engaging as” は不可。much は比較級を強調する（much more engaging）
S[The feedback (from the initial pilot program)] V[indicated] that (S[the online training module] V[was] not as engaging as the in-person workshop format (that the company had traditionally used (for new employee onboarding))).
| 問題 | 正解 | パターン |
|---|---|---|
| Q1 | B | every：可算名詞単数形のみ |
| Q2 | D | 比較級 + than（形容詞：more efficient） |
| Q3 | A | each of X：単数扱い（was） |
| Q4 | C | 比較級 + than（副詞：earlier） |
| Q5 | D | much：不可算名詞（information） |
| Q6 | B | little：不可算名詞の否定的表現（time） |
| Q7 | C | the + 最上級 + of all |
| Q8 | A | almost：副詞として all を修飾 |
| Q9 | D | the other：2者のうち特定の残り1つ |
| Q10 | C | the + 最上級 + in + 範囲 |
| Q11 | B | all：可算名詞複数形（employees） |
| Q12 | A | several：可算名詞複数形のみ |
| Q13 | C | other：形容詞用法（複数名詞の前） |
| Q14 | D | as…as：原級比較（肯定） |
| Q15 | B | much：不可算名詞（research） |
| Q16 | A | far + 比較級：比較級の強調 |
| Q17 | C | the + 比較級：2者の比較 |
| Q18 | D | even + 比較級：「さらに〜」の強調 |
| Q19 | A | the + 比較級, the + 比較級：比例関係 |
| Q20 | B | not as…as：原級比較の否定 |
A: 5問 / B: 5問 / C: 5問 / D: 5問