なぜやるか
品詞問題は、Part5の30問のうち毎回約7問も出る最頻出タイプです。
しかもこの問題は、単語の意味がわからなくても解けます。選択肢の語尾と空所の位置を見るだけで、機械的に正解を選べるからです。
Level 1では前置詞・接続詞・代名詞・関係代名詞を学びました。ここからは、Part5で最も多く出題される品詞問題を徹底的に鍛えていきます。
このLesson 01では、品詞問題の「見分け方」と「2ステップ解法」を覚え、名詞が正解になるパターンをマスターします。
攻略法
品詞問題の見分け方
選択肢を見たとき、同じ語の名詞・動詞・形容詞・副詞が並んでいたら品詞問題です。
例:(A) accomplish (B) accomplishment (C) accomplished (D) accomplishing
このように1つの語の「形違い」が4つ並んでいたら、品詞問題と判断してください。
語尾で品詞を見分ける
| 品詞 | よくある語尾 | 例 |
|---|---|---|
| 名詞 | -tion / -sion / -ment / -ance / -ence / -ness / -ity / -th | information, decision, improvement, importance, difference, happiness, ability, growth |
| 動詞 | -ize / -ify / -en / -ate | organize, simplify, strengthen, evaluate |
| 形容詞 | -ive / -al / -ous / -ful / -less / -able / -ible / -ent / -ant | effective, financial, various, successful, careless, available, flexible, different, important |
| 副詞 | -ly | effectively, financially, successfully |
語尾を見るだけで、その選択肢がどの品詞かわかります。
2ステップ解法
- Step 1:選択肢を見て「品詞問題」と判断する
→ 同じ語の形違いが並んでいる → 品詞問題 - Step 2:空所の位置を見て、必要な品詞を特定する
→ 空所の前後のカタチから、名詞・形容詞・副詞のどれが入るかを判断
意味で迷う必要はありません。空所の位置=必要な品詞が決まるので、語尾と照合するだけです。
名詞が入る4つのパターン
今回のレッスンでは、名詞が正解になるパターンに集中します。
| パターン | 空所の前 | 例文 |
|---|---|---|
| ① 冠詞+___ | a / an / the | The ------- was approved.(名詞が必要) |
| ② 前置詞+___ | of / in / for / with 等 | We discussed the plan for the ------- of the system.(名詞が必要) |
| ③ 他動詞+___ | submit / require / receive 等 | Please submit your -------.(目的語=名詞が必要) |
| ④ 所有格+___ | his / her / its / their / our 等 | Their ------- was impressive.(名詞が必要) |
この4パターンを覚えれば、名詞が入る品詞問題は確実に解けます。
例題で確認しましょう。
The company announced the ------- of a new vice president last Friday.
選択肢:(A) appoint (B) appointment (C) appointed (D) appointing
Step 1: 選択肢に同じ語の形違いが並んでいる → 品詞問題。
Step 2: 空所の前は “the”(冠詞)、後ろは “of”(前置詞)→ 冠詞+___+前置詞 → 名詞が必要。
→ (B) appointment(名詞:-ment語尾)が正解。
やり方
| ステップ | 内容 |
|---|---|
| 1 | 攻略法の「語尾パターン」と「名詞が入る4パターン」を覚える |
| 2 | 2ステップ解法を声に出して確認する:「選択肢→品詞問題→空所の前後→名詞」 |
| 3 | 練習問題を解く(必ず選択肢→空所の前後の順番で) |
| 4 | 間違えた問題は構造把握まで読んでから、もう一度解く |
8割正解できたら次のレッスンへ進みましょう。間違えた問題だけ復習すればOKです。
練習問題(20問)
Q1. The ------- of all factory employees is the company’s top priority throughout the year.
(A) safety (B) safe (C) safely (D) safeguard
Q1の解答・解説を見る
- (B) safe → 形容詞(-e語尾)。冠詞の直後に形容詞だけでは文が成り立たない(後ろに名詞がない)
- (C) safely → 副詞(-ly語尾)。冠詞の後ろには置けない
- (D) safeguard → 動詞。冠詞+___+of の位置には動詞は入らない
S[The safety (of all factory employees)] V[is] the company’s top priority (throughout the year).
S[The safety] V[is]
Q2. Ms. Rivera submitted her ------- for the regional manager position before the deadline.
(A) apply (B) applicable (C) application (D) applicably
Q2の解答・解説を見る
- (A) apply → 動詞(-y語尾)。所有格の直後には名詞が必要
- (B) applicable → 形容詞(-able語尾)。後ろに名詞がないので形容詞は入らない
- (D) applicably → 副詞(-ly語尾)。所有格の後ろには置けない
S[Ms. Rivera] V[submitted] her application (for the regional manager position) (before the deadline).
S[Ms. Rivera] V[submitted]
Q3. The board of directors discussed the ------- of opening a second distribution center in the northern region.
(A) feasible (B) feasibility (C) feasibly (D) feasibleness
Q3の解答・解説を見る
- (A) feasible → 形容詞(-ible語尾)。冠詞の直後に形容詞だけでは文が成り立たない(後ろにof句が続くため名詞が必要)
- (C) feasibly → 副詞(-ly語尾)。冠詞の後ろには置けない
- (D) feasibleness → 形式上は名詞だが、この語は一般的に使われない。feasibility が正しい名詞形
S[The board of directors] V[discussed] the feasibility (of opening a second distribution center (in the northern region)).
S[The board of directors] V[discussed]
Q4. Effective communication between departments requires the active ------- of all team members.
(A) participate (B) participating (C) participatory (D) participation
Q4の解答・解説を見る
- (A) participate → 動詞。冠詞+形容詞の後ろに動詞は入らない
- (B) participating → 動詞のing形。この位置では名詞が必要
- (C) participatory → 形容詞(-ory語尾)。形容詞が2つ続き、後ろに名詞がない構造は不自然
S[Effective communication (between departments)] V[requires] the active participation (of all team members).
S[Effective communication] V[requires]
Q5. The company values its employees’ ------- to maintaining high safety standards across all facilities.
(A) dedicate (B) dedicative (C) dedication (D) dedicating
Q5の解答・解説を見る
- (A) dedicate → 動詞。所有格の直後には名詞が必要
- (B) dedicative → 形容詞。後ろに名詞がないので形容詞は入らない
- (D) dedicating → 動詞のing形。この位置では名詞が必要
S[The company] V[values] its employees’ dedication (to maintaining high safety standards (across all facilities)).
S[The company] V[values]
Q6. All employees must confirm their ------- at the annual compliance training session by signing the attendance sheet.
(A) attendance (B) attend (C) attendant (D) attentively
Q6の解答・解説を見る
- (B) attend → 動詞。所有格の直後には名詞が必要
- (C) attendant → 名詞だが「係員・付添人」の意味で、「出席を確認する」という文脈に合わない
- (D) attentively → 副詞(-ly語尾)。所有格の後ろには置けない
S[All employees] V[must confirm] their attendance (at the annual compliance training session) (by signing the attendance sheet).
S[All employees] V[must confirm]
Q7. The hiring committee evaluated each candidate based on professional ------- and relevant work experience.
(A) achieve (B) achievement (C) achievable (D) achievably
Q7の解答・解説を見る
- (A) achieve → 動詞。形容詞の直後に動詞は入らない
- (C) achievable → 形容詞(-able語尾)。形容詞+形容詞だけでは名詞句にならない
- (D) achievably → 副詞(-ly語尾)。この位置では名詞が必要
S[The hiring committee] V[evaluated] each candidate (based on professional achievement and relevant work experience).
S[The hiring committee] V[evaluated]
Q8. The operations team must verify each vendor’s ------- before signing any long-term supply agreement.
(A) reliable (B) reliably (C) reliability (D) relying
Q8の解答・解説を見る
- (A) reliable → 形容詞(-able語尾)。所有格の直後で後ろに名詞がないため形容詞は入らない
- (B) reliably → 副詞(-ly語尾)。所有格の後ろには置けない
- (D) relying → 動詞のing形。この位置では名詞が必要
S[The operations team] V[must verify] each vendor’s reliability (before signing any long-term supply agreement).
S[The operations team] V[must verify]
Q9. Due to growing consumer demand, the company plans to increase ------- at its main manufacturing plant by 20 percent.
(A) production (B) produce (C) productive (D) productively
Q9の解答・解説を見る
- (B) produce → 動詞としてはこの位置に入れない。名詞の「農産物」という意味もあるが、文脈に合わない
- (C) productive → 形容詞(-ive語尾)。他動詞の目的語には名詞が必要
- (D) productively → 副詞(-ly語尾)。目的語の位置には置けない
(Due to growing consumer demand), S[the company] V[plans] to increase production (at its main manufacturing plant) (by 20 percent).
S[the company] V[plans]
Q10. The new software will improve the ------- of data processing across all departments in the organization.
(A) efficient (B) efficiency (C) efficiently (D) efficientize
Q10の解答・解説を見る
- (A) efficient → 形容詞(-ent語尾)。冠詞+___+of の位置には名詞が必要
- (C) efficiently → 副詞(-ly語尾)。冠詞の後ろには置けない
- (D) efficientize → 動詞(-ize語尾)。冠詞の後ろに動詞は入らない
S[The new software] V[will improve] the efficiency (of data processing) (across all departments (in the organization)).
S[The new software] V[will improve]
Q11. Mr. Tanaka received a special award in ------- of his 25 years of dedicated service to the firm.
(A) recognize (B) recognizable (C) recognizably (D) recognition
Q11の解答・解説を見る
- (A) recognize → 動詞(-ize語尾)。前置詞の直後に動詞は入らない
- (B) recognizable → 形容詞(-able語尾)。前置詞の後ろには名詞が必要
- (C) recognizably → 副詞(-ly語尾)。前置詞の後ろには置けない
S[Mr. Tanaka] V[received] a special award (in recognition (of his 25 years (of dedicated service (to the firm)))).
S[Mr. Tanaka] V[received]
Q12. The marketing department prepared a detailed ------- of the product launch strategy for the executive team.
(A) describe (B) descriptive (C) description (D) descriptively
Q12の解答・解説を見る
- (A) describe → 動詞。冠詞+形容詞の後ろに動詞は入らない
- (B) descriptive → 形容詞(-ive語尾)。形容詞が2つ続き、後ろに名詞がないので不自然
- (D) descriptively → 副詞(-ly語尾)。この位置では名詞が必要
S[The marketing department] V[prepared] a detailed description (of the product launch strategy) (for the executive team).
S[The marketing department] V[prepared]
Q13. Guests staying at the hotel can enjoy complimentary breakfast with prior ------- at the front desk.
(A) reservation (B) reserve (C) reserved (D) reservedly
Q13の解答・解説を見る
- (B) reserve → 動詞。形容詞の直後に動詞は入らない
- (C) reserved → 形容詞(-ed語尾)。形容詞が2つ続くだけでは名詞句にならない
- (D) reservedly → 副詞(-ly語尾)。この位置では名詞が必要
S[Guests (staying at the hotel)] V[can enjoy] complimentary breakfast (with prior reservation (at the front desk)).
S[Guests] V[can enjoy]
Q14. The landscaping company guaranteed client ------- by offering a full refund for any unsatisfactory work.
(A) satisfy (B) satisfactorily (C) satisfactory (D) satisfaction
Q14の解答・解説を見る
- (A) satisfy → 動詞。他動詞 guaranteed の目的語には名詞が必要
- (B) satisfactorily → 副詞(-ly語尾)。目的語の位置には置けない
- (C) satisfactory → 形容詞(-ory語尾)。目的語の位置には名詞が必要
S[The landscaping company] V[guaranteed] client satisfaction (by offering a full refund (for any unsatisfactory work)).
S[The landscaping company] V[guaranteed]
Q15. The external auditors reviewed the company’s ------- with all applicable tax regulations during the annual inspection.
(A) comply (B) compliant (C) compliance (D) compliantly
Q15の解答・解説を見る
- (A) comply → 動詞(-y語尾)。所有格の直後には名詞が必要
- (B) compliant → 形容詞(-ant語尾)。後ろに名詞がないので形容詞は入らない
- (D) compliantly → 副詞(-ly語尾)。所有格の後ろには置けない
S[The external auditors] V[reviewed] the company’s compliance (with all applicable tax regulations) (during the annual inspection).
S[The external auditors] V[reviewed]
Q16. The research team’s latest ------- suggest that the new treatment method could reduce recovery time significantly.
(A) assessments (B) assess (C) assessable (D) assessor
Q16の解答・解説を見る
- (B) assess → 動詞。所有格+形容詞の後ろに動詞は入らない
- (C) assessable → 形容詞(-able語尾)。主語の位置には名詞が必要
- (D) assessor → 名詞「査定人」だが、「最新の査定人が示唆する」は文脈に合わない
S[The research team’s latest assessments] V[suggest] (that the new treatment method could reduce recovery time significantly).
S[The assessments] V[suggest]
Q17. Participants in the workshop must complete an online ------- form at least three business days before the event.
(A) register (B) registration (C) registered (D) registering
Q17の解答・解説を見る
- (A) register → 動詞。冠詞+形容詞の後ろに動詞は入らない
- (C) registered → 形容詞(-ed語尾)。”an online registered form” は意味が通らない
- (D) registering → 動詞のing形。この位置では名詞が必要
S[Participants (in the workshop)] V[must complete] an online registration form (at least three business days (before the event)).
S[Participants] V[must complete]
Q18. After careful ------- of all proposals, the selection committee chose Greenfield Architects for the new campus project.
(A) evaluate (B) evaluative (C) evaluatively (D) evaluation
Q18の解答・解説を見る
- (A) evaluate → 動詞(-ate語尾)。前置詞+形容詞の後ろに動詞は入らない
- (B) evaluative → 形容詞(-ive語尾)。形容詞が2つ続くだけでは名詞句にならない
- (C) evaluatively → 副詞(-ly語尾)。前置詞の後ろには名詞が必要
(After careful evaluation (of all proposals)), S[the selection committee] V[chose] Greenfield Architects (for the new campus project).
S[the selection committee] V[chose]
Q19. Its ------- as a leader in renewable energy technology has attracted investors from around the world.
(A) reputable (B) reputation (C) repute (D) reputably
Q19の解答・解説を見る
- (A) reputable → 形容詞(-able語尾)。所有格の後ろで主語の位置には名詞が必要
- (C) repute → 名詞の用法もあるが、フォーマルで古い表現。TOEIC では reputation が自然
- (D) reputably → 副詞(-ly語尾)。所有格の後ろには置けない
S[Its reputation (as a leader (in renewable energy technology))] V[has attracted] investors (from around the world).
S[Its reputation] V[has attracted]
Q20. The training coordinator requested immediate ------- from all department heads regarding the new onboarding procedures.
(A) cooperate (B) cooperatively (C) cooperative (D) cooperation
Q20の解答・解説を見る
- (A) cooperate → 動詞(-ate語尾)。他動詞の目的語には名詞が必要
- (B) cooperatively → 副詞(-ly語尾)。目的語の位置には置けない
- (C) cooperative → 形容詞(-ive語尾)。後ろに名詞がないので形容詞は入らない
S[The training coordinator] V[requested] immediate cooperation (from all department heads) (regarding the new onboarding procedures).
S[The training coordinator] V[requested]