なぜやるか
Part6・Part7の本文には、前置詞句 ( ) と分詞句・関係詞節 [ ] が同じ文に混在することがよくあります。「どの記号でどの塊を囲むか」を正確に判断できると、複雑な文でも骨格が見え、設問の根拠箇所を素早く特定できます。このLesson 9を終えると、2種類以上の修飾塊が重なる文を迷わず分解できるようになります。
やり方
囲む優先順序(再確認)
- < > 副詞節を囲う
- { } 挿入・同格を囲う
- ( ) 前置詞句を囲う
- [ ] 名詞を後ろから修飾する塊(分詞句・不定詞句・関係詞節)
- 残ったものが S + V + O/C
( ) と [ ] の使い分け
( ) ← 前置詞 + 名詞(句):動詞や名詞を修飾する副詞・形容詞的塊
[ ] ← 分詞句・不定詞句・関係詞節:名詞を後ろから修飾する塊
入れ子構造のルール
[ ] の中に ( ) が入ることがある。the agreement [signed (by both parties) (at the summit)] [ ] の内部に (by both parties) と (at the summit) が入っている。
例文トレーニング
文1|分詞句 [ ] + 前置詞句 ( )
原文: The report [submitted (by the external consultants) (on Friday)]will be reviewed (by the management team) (next week).
S = The report
V = will be reviewed
( ) = by the management team / next week
[ ] = submitted (by the external consultants) (on Friday) ← reportを修飾
( ) = by the external consultants / on Friday ← [ ]の内部
→ [ ] 内に ( ) が入れ子になっている。
文2|関係詞節 [ ] + 前置詞句 ( )
原文: The employees [who transferred (to the new facility) (last month)]received a comprehensive onboarding package.
S = The employees
V = received
O = a comprehensive onboarding package
[ ] = who transferred (to the new facility) (last month) ← employeesを修飾
( ) = to the new facility / last month ← [ ]の内部
→ 関係詞節の中の前置詞句も ( ) で囲う。
文3|名詞修飾の ( ) + 後置修飾の [ ]
原文: The head (of the compliance department) reviewed all contracts
[submitted (by third-party vendors) (during the previous fiscal year)].
S = The head
V = reviewed
O = all contracts
( ) = of the compliance department ← headを修飾
[ ] = submitted (by third-party vendors) (during the previous fiscal year) ← contractsを修飾
( ) = by third-party vendors / during the previous fiscal year ← [ ]の内部
→ S の修飾に ( )、O の後置修飾に [ ]。
文4|不定詞句 [ ] + 前置詞句 ( )
原文: The committee established a special task force [to investigate the allegations
(of financial misconduct) (within the organization)].
S = The committee
V = established
O = a special task force
[ ] = to investigate the allegations (of financial misconduct) (within the organization)
← task forceを修飾(形容詞的用法)
( ) = of financial misconduct / within the organization ← [ ]の内部
→ 不定詞句の中に前置詞句が入ることも多い。
文5|複数の [ ] と ( ) が組み合わさる文
原文: The manager (of the eastern region) forwarded the data
[collected (by the sales team) (during the promotional campaign)][to be analyzed (by the strategy division)].
S = The manager
V = forwarded
O = the data
( ) = of the eastern region ← managerを修飾
[ ] = collected (by the sales team) (during the promotional campaign) ← dataを修飾(分詞句)
( ) = by the sales team / during the promotional campaign ← 1つ目[ ]の内部
[ ] = to be analyzed (by the strategy division) ← dataを修飾(不定詞句・受動)
( ) = by the strategy division ← 2つ目[ ]の内部
→ 同じ名詞 data を修飾する [ ] が2つある。
実戦問題
構造を分解しながら空所を埋めましょう。
Q1. The survey results [collected ------- the focus group sessions] showed a strong preference for the redesigned packaging.
(A) despite (B) during (C) although (D) whereas
解答・解説を見る
構造メモ:
The survey results [collected [-------] the focus group sessions]showed a strong preference (for the redesigned packaging).
空所の後ろ = the focus group sessions(名詞句のみ)→ 前置詞が入る
意味:「フォーカスグループセッション中に収集された」
正解: (B) during
後ろが名詞句(the focus group sessions)のみなので前置詞が入る。during「〜の間に」が「セッション中に収集された(結果)」という文意に合う。
(A) despite:前置詞だが「〜にもかかわらず」で意味が合わない。(C) although:接続詞で後ろに S + V が必要。(D) whereas:接続詞で後ろに S + V が必要。
Q2. The engineers [working (on the infrastructure upgrade)] requested additional resources ------- the original timeline.
(A) so that they could meet (B) to meet (C) meeting (D) for met
解答・解説を見る
構造メモ:
The engineers [working (on the infrastructure upgrade)]requested additional resources [-------] the original timeline.
S = The engineers
V = requested
O = additional resources
空所: resources の後ろ → resources を修飾する不定詞句か、動詞の目的表現
意味:「スケジュールに間に合わせるために」→ 目的の不定詞
正解: (B) to meet
additional resources の後ろに「何のための資源か」を説明する形容詞的用法の不定詞 to meet が入る。to meet the original timeline「当初のスケジュールを守るために」という目的を表す。
(A) so that they could meet:接続詞節だが resources の後ろに節が続くと文構造が複雑になりすぎる(can also work but too verbose)。(C) meeting:現在分詞で後ろに目的語(the original timeline)をとるが、resources を「スケジュールを守っている資源」と修飾するのは不自然。(D) for met:過去形と前置詞の組み合わせは不可。
Q3. The documents [required ------- the licensing application] must be notarized before submission.
(A) for (B) because (C) so that (D) while
解答・解説を見る
構造メモ:
The documents [required [-------] the licensing application]must be notarized (before submission).
空所の後ろ = the licensing application(名詞句のみ)→ 前置詞が入る
意味:「ライセンス申請のために必要な(書類)」
正解: (A) for
後ろが名詞句(the licensing application)のみなので前置詞が入る。for「〜のために/〜に必要な」が「ライセンス申請のために必要な書類」という文意に合う。
(B) because:接続詞で後ろに S + V が必要。(C) so that:接続詞で後ろに S + V が必要。(D) while:接続詞で後ろに S + V が必要。
Q4. The proposal [designed ------- streamline operations across all regional offices] was presented to the board.
(A) for to (B) because of (C) that (D) to
解答・解説を見る
構造メモ:
The proposal [designed [-------] streamline operations (across all regional offices)]was presented (to the board).
空所の後ろ = streamline(動詞の原形)→ 不定詞が入る(to streamline)
意味:「業務を効率化するために設計された(提案)」
正解: (D) to
designed to do〜「〜するために設計された」という不定詞の副詞的用法(目的)。分詞句 [ ] の内部で designed to streamline operations が「提案」の目的を説明する。
(A) for to:for + to do は英語では使わない形。(B) because of:前置詞句で後ろに名詞が続くが、streamline は動詞の原形なので使えない。(C) that:接続詞で後ろに S + V が必要。
Q5. The specialists [hired (from three different consulting firms) (for this project)] will collaborate ------- the internal team.
(A) for (B) of (C) with (D) to
解答・解説を見る
構造メモ:
The specialists [hired (from three different consulting firms) (for this project)]will collaborate [-------] the internal team.
S = The specialists
V = will collaborate
[ ] = hired … ← specialistsを修飾
collaborate ------- the internal team → collaborate with「〜と協力する」
正解: (C) with
collaborate with〜「〜と協力する」は固定表現。collaborate with the internal team「社内チームと協力する」となる。
(A) for:collaborate for は「〜のために協力する」で不自然。(B) of:collaborate of は存在しない。(D) to:collaborate to は「〜するために(不定詞)」で後ろには動詞原形が来る。
正解一覧
| 問題 | 正解 |
|---|---|
| Q1 | (B) |
| Q2 | (B) |
| Q3 | (A) |
| Q4 | (D) |
| Q5 | (C) |