なぜやるか
Level 2で学んだ「6種類の囲み記号・前置詞句・分詞句・不定詞句・関係詞節・副詞節・挿入・同格・並列構造・長い主語」のすべてを実戦で使う総仕上げです。Part5（5問）・Part6（4問）・Part7（5問）の混合形式で、本番同様の問題に取り組みます。時間感覚を意識しながら（Part5: 1問20秒、Part6: 1問30秒、Part7: 1問1分）解いてみましょう。
実戦問題
Part5（文法・語彙）
Q1. The revised budget proposal ------- by the finance committee last Tuesday was forwarded to the executive board for final approval.
(A) approved (B) approving (C) to approve (D) approval
解答・解説を見る
構造メモ:
The revised budget proposal [-------] (by the finance committee) (last Tuesday)
was forwarded (to the executive board) (for final approval).
空所: proposal の直後 → 後置修飾
proposal は「承認される側」→ 受動 = 過去分詞
正解: (A) approved
proposal（提案）は「承認される側」なので受動の過去分詞 approved。approved by the finance committee last Tuesday「先週火曜日に財務委員会が承認した提案書」と後置修飾する。
(B) approving：現在分詞（能動）で「承認している提案書」は不自然。(C) to approve：不定詞だが受動の意味を自然に表せない。(D) approval：名詞で後置修飾に使えない。
Q2. The customer service representative, ------- ten years of experience in the industry, handled the complaint efficiently.
(A) who has (B) with (C) having to (D) which has
解答・解説を見る
構造メモ:
The customer service representative, [-------] ten years (of experience)
(in the industry,) handled the complaint efficiently.
コンマで挟まれた挿入部分
空所の後ろ = ten years of experience（名詞句）→ 前置詞か関係詞
「10年の経験を持つ（代表）」→ with が前置詞句として機能する
正解: (B) with
with ten years of experience「10年の経験を持つ」という前置詞句が挿入として機能する。with + 名詞（句）で「〜を持つ / 〜を備えた」という付帯状況を表す。
(A) who has：関係詞節で継続用法（コンマあり）も文法的だが、has の後に been や had がなく ten years の前に無冠詞で不自然（who has had ten years なら可）。(C) having to：「〜しなければならない」という義務の意味になり不自然。(D) which has：先行詞が人（representative）なので which は使えない。
Q3. ------- the project was completed ahead of schedule, the client expressed concern about the quality of the final deliverables.
(A) Because of (B) Despite (C) Although (D) Due to
解答・解説を見る
構造メモ:
[-------] the project was completed (ahead of schedule),
the client expressed concern (about the quality) (of the final deliverables).
空所の後ろ = the project was completed（S + V あり）→ 接続詞が入る
文意：「予定より早く完成したにもかかわらず、品質に懸念」→ 譲歩
正解: (C) Although
後ろに S + V（the project was completed）があるため接続詞が必要。「〜にもかかわらず」の譲歩を表す although が正しい。
(A) Because of：前置詞句で後ろに名詞が必要。(B) Despite：前置詞で後ろに名詞が必要。(D) Due to：前置詞句で後ろに名詞が必要。
Q4. The marketing director instructed the team to analyze the data ------- and present a summary report by the end of the week.
(A) thorough (B) thoroughness (C) more thoroughly than (D) thoroughly
解答・解説を見る
構造メモ:
…instructed the team (to analyze the data [-------]and present a summary report (by the end of the week)).
不定詞の中: analyze the data ------- → 動詞（analyze）を修飾する副詞が入る
正解: (D) thoroughly
動詞（analyze）を修飾するのは副詞。thoroughly analyzed「徹底的に分析する」となる。
(A) thorough：形容詞で動詞修飾には使えない。(B) thoroughness：名詞で動詞修飾には使えない。(C) more thoroughly than：比較級で後ろに比較対象が必要。
Q5. Neither the logistics coordinator ------- the warehouse supervisor was available to attend the emergency meeting called by the regional director.
(A) or (B) and (C) nor (D) but
解答・解説を見る
構造メモ:
Neither [the logistics coordinator] [-------] [the warehouse supervisor]was available (to attend the emergency meeting) [called (by the regional director)].
neither とペアになる接続詞
正解: (C) nor
neither A nor B「AもBも〜ない」のペア表現。neither the logistics coordinator nor the warehouse supervisor was available「物流コーディネーターも倉庫監督者も出席できなかった」となる。
(A) or：either A or B のペアで neither とは組み合わせない。(B) and：both A and B のペアで neither とは組み合わせない。(D) but：not A but B のペアで neither とは組み合わせない。
Part6（文脈・語句）
Questions 6–9 refer to the following email.
To: All Staff
From: Human Resources Department
Subject: Updated Remote Work Policy
Dear Team,
We are writing to inform you of several updates to our remote work policy, (6) effective from December 1. These changes have been made following an internal review conducted in September, which gathered input from managers and employees (7) all departments.
Under the revised policy, employees in eligible roles will be permitted to work remotely for up to three days per week. This applies to full-time employees who have been with the company for at least six months. All remote work arrangements must be (8) by your direct manager and submitted to HR at least two weeks in advance.
It is important to note that attendance at certain team meetings and client-facing events will still be required in person, even on designated remote days. [A] A full list of mandatory in-person occasions will be shared with department heads by November 15.
If you have questions or concerns about how the updated policy applies to your role, please contact HR directly. We appreciate your patience as we finalize the details of the new policy.
Best regards,
Human Resources Department
Q6.
(A) become (B) to become (C) becomes (D) becoming
解答・解説を見る
正解: (D) becoming
空所は several updates to our remote work policy の後ろで、カンマに続いている。「effective from December 1」とともに updates を修飾する分詞構文（becoming effective「発効する」）が入る。become effective「発効する / 有効になる」の現在分詞形。
(A) become：原形でカンマの後ろの分詞構文に使えない。(B) to become：不定詞で after や in addition to などとセットなら使えるが、ここでは不自然。(C) becomes：三人称単数現在形で分詞構文には使えない。
Q7.
(A) within (B) along (C) across (D) between
解答・解説を見る
構造メモ:
…gathered input from managers and employees [-------] all departments.
空所の後ろ = all departments（名詞句）→ 前置詞が入る
「全部門にわたって」= across all departments
正解: (C) across
across「〜にわたって / 〜全体に」が all departments と組み合わさり「全部門にわたって意見を収集した」という意味になる。
(A) within：「〜の内部で」で departments の中に限定されるニュアンスになり不自然。(B) along：「〜に沿って」で部門には使わない。(D) between：「（2者）の間で」で all departments（3つ以上）には across が適切。
Q8.
(A) submitting (B) approved (C) approving (D) to approve
解答・解説を見る
構造メモ:
All remote work arrangements must be [-------] by your direct manager…
must be ------- → 助動詞 + be + ? の形
arrangements は「承認される側」→ 受動 = 過去分詞
正解: (B) approved
must be + 過去分詞（受動態）の形。arrangements（勤務形態）は「承認される側」なので approved が正しい。must be approved by your direct manager「直属のマネージャーに承認される必要がある」。
(A) submitting：現在分詞で must be の後ろに使えない（進行形になり意味が合わない）。(C) approving：現在分詞（能動）で arrangements が「承認している」という不自然な意味になる。(D) to approve：不定詞で must be の後ろには使えない。
Q9. Which of the following sentences best fits in position [A]?
(A) Exceptions to this requirement may be granted on a case-by-case basis.
(B) Managers are responsible for tracking all remote work hours electronically.
(C) Remote work days can be changed at any time without prior notice.
(D) All employees must complete an updated remote work agreement form by December 1.
解答・解説を見る
正解: (A) Exceptions to this requirement may be granted on a case-by-case basis.
[A] の直前では「特定の会議・対面イベントには出席が必要（原則）」と述べている。this requirement「この要件」を受けて「例外的に認められる場合もある」と補足することで、直後の「強制対面リストを11月15日までに共有」という文ともスムーズにつながる。(B) 時間管理の電子化は前後の文脈（対面義務）と論点がずれる。(C) 「事前通知なしで変更可能」は前段の「2週間前の事前申請が必要」と矛盾する。(D) 合意フォームの記入は本文中で言及されていない。
Part7（読解）
Questions 10–14 refer to the following article.
Flexible Work Policies Reshape Corporate Culture
A growing number of companies across various industries are revising their workplace policies to offer greater flexibility to employees. According to a survey conducted by the Global Workforce Institute, seventy-three percent of respondents reported that flexible work arrangements had a positive impact on their job satisfaction.
Among the most common changes are the introduction of remote work options and compressed workweeks. A compressed workweek allows employees to complete their standard working hours in fewer days — for example, working four ten-hour days instead of five eight-hour days. Companies that have adopted this model report improvements in employee well-being and a reduction in absenteeism.
Critics of flexible work policies, however, argue that such arrangements can make coordination among team members more difficult and may reduce spontaneous collaboration. Some managers have expressed concern that remote employees are harder to mentor and develop professionally.
Despite these concerns, many organizations are forging ahead with flexible work initiatives, citing the competitive advantage gained from attracting and retaining top talent. “In today’s job market, flexibility is no longer a perk — it’s an expectation,” said Dr. Marcus Elliot, a workplace culture consultant.
Q10. What is the main topic of this article?
(A) The growing trend of flexible work arrangements in the workplace
(B) How companies are dealing with a shortage of skilled workers
(C) The negative effects of remote work on corporate productivity
(D) New government regulations on working hours
解答・解説を見る
正解: (A) The growing trend of flexible work arrangements in the workplace
記事全体が「柔軟な勤務方針の広がり」について述べており、各段落がその利点・批判・動向を紹介している。
(B) 人材不足の対応策は主題ではない。(C) 在宅勤務の否定的影響は一部（批評家の見解）のみで主題ではない。(D) 政府の規制については記載されていない。
Q11. According to the article, what is a compressed workweek?
(A) An arrangement in which standard hours are completed in fewer days
(B) A schedule in which employees work from home every Friday
(C) A plan that allows managers to reduce employee headcount
(D) A policy requiring employees to work overtime each month
解答・解説を見る
正解: (A) An arrangement in which standard hours are completed in fewer days
第2段落に「A compressed workweek allows employees to complete their standard working hours in fewer days」と明記されている。
(B) 毎週金曜日の在宅勤務という記載はない。(C) 人員削減については記載されていない。(D) 残業を義務付けるものではない（同じ総時間を短い日数でこなす）。
Q12. What concern do some managers have about remote work?
(A) That it significantly reduces office energy consumption
(B) That remote employees are more difficult to mentor professionally
(C) That it leads to higher costs for equipment and software
(D) That employees tend to work fewer hours when working remotely
解答・解説を見る
正解: (B) That remote employees are more difficult to mentor professionally
第3段落に「Some managers have expressed concern that remote employees are harder to mentor and develop professionally.」と明記されている。
(A) エネルギー消費の削減は記載されていない。(C) 機器・ソフトウェアのコスト増加は記載されていない。(D) 労働時間の減少は記載されていない。
Q13. What reason do organizations give for continuing flexible work initiatives?
(A) They have been required to do so by government regulations.
(B) Employee salaries have decreased as a result of the changes.
(C) They gain a competitive advantage in attracting and retaining talent.
(D) Remote work has eliminated the need for physical office space.
解答・解説を見る
正解: (C) They gain a competitive advantage in attracting and retaining talent.
第4段落に「many organizations are forging ahead with flexible work initiatives, citing the competitive advantage gained from attracting and retaining top talent.」と明記されている。
(A) 政府規制による義務付けは記載されていない。(B) 給与削減については記載されていない。(D) オフィスの不要化については記載されていない。
Q14. The word “spontaneous” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to
(A) frequent (B) formal (C) planned (D) unplanned
解答・解説を見る
正解: (D) unplanned
spontaneous「自発的な / 自然に起こる / 突発的な」は unplanned「計画されていない / 自然発生的な」に最も近い。spontaneous collaboration「自然発生的なコラボレーション」= unplanned collaboration。
(A) frequent：「頻繁な」で意味が異なる。(B) formal：「正式な」で意味が異なる（むしろ逆の方向性）。(C) planned：「計画的な」で spontaneous の対義語。
正解一覧
| 問題 | 正解 |
|---|---|
| Q1 | (A) |
| Q2 | (B) |
| Q3 | (C) |
| Q4 | (D) |
| Q5 | (C) |
| Q6 | (D) |
| Q7 | (C) |
| Q8 | (B) |
| Q9 | (A) |
| Q10 | (A) |
| Q11 | (A) |
| Q12 | (B) |
| Q13 | (C) |
| Q14 | (D) |
Part7 パッセージ構造分析 + 日本語訳
第1段落
A growing number (of companies) (across various industries)
are revising their workplace policies (to offer greater flexibility) (to employees).
S = A growing number of companies
( ) = across various industries ← companiesを修飾
V = are revising
O = their workplace policies
( ) = to offer greater flexibility / to employees ← 目的
→ さまざまな業界にわたる企業の多くが、従業員により大きな柔軟性を提供するために職場方針を見直しています。
(According to a survey [conducted (by the Global Workforce Institute),])
seventy-three percent (of respondents) reported
that flexible work arrangements had a positive impact (on their job satisfaction).
( ) = According to a survey conducted by the Global Workforce Institute ← 出典
[ ] = conducted by the Global Workforce Institute ← surveyを修飾
S = seventy-three percent of respondents
V = reported
O = that flexible work arrangements had a positive impact on their job satisfaction（名詞節）
→ Global Workforce Instituteが実施した調査によると、回答者の73%が柔軟な勤務形態が仕事への満足度にプラスの影響を与えたと回答しています。
第2段落
(Among the most common changes) are the introduction (of remote work options)
and compressed workweeks.
V = are（倒置）
S = the introduction of remote work options and compressed workweeks
( ) = Among the most common changes ← 文頭の前置詞句
→ 最も一般的な変化の中でも多いのが、在宅勤務オプションと短縮労働週の導入です。
A compressed workweek allows employees (to complete their standard working hours)
(in fewer days) — (for example,) [working four ten-hour days (instead of five eight-hour days)].
S = A compressed workweek
V = allows
O = employees
C（不定詞）= to complete their standard working hours in fewer days ← SVOC
— [例示] = working four ten-hour days instead of five eight-hour days
→ 短縮労働週とは、通常の労働時間を少ない日数で完了できる仕組みで、例えば週5日8時間労働の代わりに週4日10時間労働にするものです。
第3段落
Critics (of flexible work policies,) however, argue
that such arrangements can make coordination (among team members) more difficult
and may reduce spontaneous collaboration.
S = Critics of flexible work policies
V = argue
O = that such arrangements can make coordination more difficult and may reduce spontaneous collaboration
（that節内に2つの並列節）
→ しかし、柔軟な勤務方針に批判的な人々は、そのような取り決めがチームメンバー間の調整をより難しくし、自然発生的なコラボレーションを減らす可能性があると主張しています。
第4段落
(Despite these concerns,) many organizations are forging ahead (with flexible work initiatives,)
[citing the competitive advantage [gained (from attracting and retaining top talent)]].
S = many organizations
V = are forging ahead
( ) = with flexible work initiatives
[ ] = citing the competitive advantage gained from attracting and retaining top talent
← 分詞構文（理由・付帯状況）
[ ] = gained from attracting and retaining top talent ← advantageを修飾
→ こうした懸念にもかかわらず、多くの組織が優秀な人材の獲得・確保から得られる競争上の優位性を理由として、柔軟な勤務施策を推し進めています。
"(In today’s job market,) flexibility is no longer a perk — it’s an expectation,"
said Dr. Marcus Elliot, {a workplace culture consultant}.
{ } = a workplace culture consultant ← Dr. Marcus Elliotの同格
→ 「今日の雇用市場において、柔軟性はもはや特典ではなく、当然の期待です」と職場文化コンサルタントのDr. Marcus Elliotは述べました。