なぜやるか
接続詞・関係詞問題はPart5で必ず出ます。「空所の後ろに S + V があるか(接続詞)、名詞だけか(前置詞)」と「先行詞は人か物か、節内で何の役割をするか(主格・目的格・所有格・関係副詞)」の2軸を構造分解で判断します。このLesson 14を終えると、接続詞問題と関係詞問題の両方を構造から確実に解けるようになります。
やり方
接続詞 vs 前置詞の判断
空所の後ろに S + V → 接続詞(従属節を作る)
空所の後ろに名詞のみ → 前置詞(前置詞句を作る)
接続詞:because / although / when / if / while / as / once…
前置詞:because of / despite / during / by / in spite of…
関係代名詞の選択
先行詞が人 → who(主格)/ whom(目的格)/ whose(所有格)
先行詞が物 → which(主格・目的格)/ whose(所有格)
人・物どちらも → that(制限用法のみ)
節内に S + V が揃っている → 関係副詞 where / when / why / how
例文トレーニング
文1|接続詞(譲歩)vs 前置詞の選択
原文(接続詞): <Although demand declined,> the company maintained its workforce.
原文(前置詞): (Despite the decline in demand,) the company maintained its workforce.
接続詞 although → 後ろに S + V:demand declined
前置詞 despite → 後ろに名詞句:the decline in demand
→ 空所の後ろで判断する。
文2|関係代名詞(主格 who)
原文: The consultant [who redesigned the entire supply chain process]received a commendation (from the board).
先行詞 = consultant(人)
[ ] = who redesigned the entire supply chain process
→ who が redesigned の主語(主格)
文3|関係代名詞(目的格 which)
原文: The agreement [which the two parties signed (last week)]will take effect (next month).
先行詞 = agreement(物)
[ ] = which the two parties signed last week
→ which は signed の目的語(目的格)
→ the two parties が [ ]内の S
文4|関係副詞 where
原文: The main warehouse [where inventory is stored (before distribution)]was expanded (last quarter).
先行詞 = warehouse(場所)
[ ] = where inventory is stored before distribution
→ 節内に S(inventory)+ V(is stored)が揃っている → 関係副詞 where
文5|所有格 whose
原文: The manager [whose team achieved the highest sales figures (this quarter)]was promoted (to senior director).
先行詞 = manager(人)
[ ] = whose team achieved the highest sales figures this quarter
→ whose = manager’s(所有格)→ whose team = the manager’s team
実戦問題
構造を分解しながら空所を埋めましょう。
Q1. The policy was revised ------- feedback from employees indicated that the existing guidelines were unclear and difficult to implement.
(A) despite (B) because of (C) after (D) in spite of
解答・解説を見る
構造メモ:
The policy was revised [-------] feedback (from employees) indicated
that the existing guidelines were unclear and difficult (to implement).
空所の後ろ = feedback … indicated(S + V あり)→ 接続詞が入る
意味:「フィードバックが示した後に(方針を改定した)」
正解: (C) after
後ろに S + V(feedback indicated)があるため接続詞が必要。after「〜した後に」が時を表す接続詞として正しい。
(A) despite:前置詞で後ろに名詞が必要。(B) because of:前置詞句で後ろに名詞が必要。(D) in spite of:前置詞句で後ろに名詞が必要。
Q2. The technician ------- repaired the network infrastructure was recognized at the company’s annual awards ceremony.
(A) whose (B) who (C) which (D) whom
解答・解説を見る
構造メモ:
The technician [-------] repaired the network infrastructure
was recognized (at the company’s annual awards ceremony).
先行詞 = technician(人)
関係詞節: ------- repaired the network infrastructure
→ repaired の主語が欠けている → 主格の関係代名詞
正解: (B) who
先行詞が technician(人)で、節内で repaired の主語になる主格の関係代名詞 who が正しい。
(A) whose:所有格で後ろに名詞が続く必要がある。(C) which:先行詞が物・事のときに使う。(D) whom:目的格で後ろに S + V が必要。
Q3. The regional office ------- the sales figures were highest last quarter will receive additional investment in the next fiscal year.
(A) which (B) whose (C) where (D) that
解答・解説を見る
構造メモ:
The regional office [-------] the sales figures were highest (last quarter)
will receive additional investment (in the next fiscal year).
先行詞 = regional office(場所)
関係詞節: the sales figures were highest
→ 節内に S(the sales figures)+ V(were)が揃っている → 関係副詞
正解: (C) where
先行詞が regional office(場所)で節内に完全な S + V があるため関係副詞 where が正しい。where the sales figures were highest「売上高が最も高かった地域オフィス」。
(A) which:関係代名詞で節内に欠如(主語または目的語)が必要だが、S + V が揃っている。(B) whose:所有格で後ろに名詞が続く必要がある。(D) that:関係代名詞で節内に欠如が必要。
Q4. The investor relations team submitted the annual report ------- the shareholders had formally requested at the general meeting.
(A) which (B) where (C) when (D) whose
解答・解説を見る
構造メモ:
The investor relations team submitted the annual report
[-------] the shareholders had formally requested (at the general meeting).
先行詞 = the annual report(物)
関係詞節: the shareholders had formally requested
→ requested の目的語が欠けている(= the annual report)→ 目的格の関係代名詞
正解: (A) which
先行詞が the annual report(物)で、節内で requested の目的語が欠けているため目的格 which が正しい。the annual report which the shareholders had formally requested「株主が正式に要求した年次報告書」。
(B) where:関係副詞で節内の欠如がないときに使う。(C) when:時の関係副詞で annual report には使えない。(D) whose:所有格で後ろに名詞が続く必要がある。
Q5. The contract was finalized ------- both parties had reviewed and approved all of the terms and conditions.
(A) despite (B) because of (C) in spite of (D) once
解答・解説を見る
構造メモ:
The contract was finalized [-------] both parties had reviewed
and approved all (of the terms and conditions).
空所の後ろ = both parties had reviewed(S + V あり)→ 接続詞が入る
意味:「両者が審査・承認した後に(契約が締結された)」
正解: (D) once
後ろに S + V があるため接続詞が必要。once「〜したら / 〜した後で」が「両者が全条件を確認し承認したら、契約が成立した」という文意に合う。
(A) despite:前置詞で後ろに名詞が必要。(B) because of:前置詞句で後ろに名詞が必要。(C) in spite of:前置詞句で後ろに名詞が必要。
正解一覧
| 問題 | 正解 |
|---|---|
| Q1 | (C) |
| Q2 | (B) |
| Q3 | (C) |
| Q4 | (A) |
| Q5 | (D) |