なぜやるか

名詞の直後に「Ving〜」や「Vpp〜」が続く分詞句は、TOEICのPart5で最頻出の後置修飾パターンです。この塊を [ ] で囲って外せると、主語の核となる名詞が一瞬で見え、文全体の意味が取りやすくなります。また「能動（〜している）= Ving」か「受動（〜された）= Vpp」かの判断はPart5の分詞問題の核心であり、この練習が直結します。このLesson 4を終えると、分詞句を含む文を素早く構造分解できるようになります。

やり方

分詞句とは

名詞のすぐ後ろに続く Ving〜 または Vpp〜 の塊。名詞を後ろから修飾し、[ ] で囲んで外せる。

現在分詞（Ving）：能動・進行の意味
the employee [working in accounting] → 「経理部で働いている従業員」

過去分詞（Vpp）：受動・完了の意味
the report [submitted last week] → 「先週提出された報告書」

分詞句 vs 動詞の区別

分詞句：名詞の直後 → [ ] で囲う（修飾語、外せる）
主動詞：S の直後→ 囲わない（文の骨格、外せない）

例:
The report [submitted last week] was approved.
└─ 分詞句（report を修飾）

現在分詞 vs 過去分詞の判断

修飾する名詞が「〜する側」→ Ving（能動）
修飾する名詞が「〜される側」→ Vpp（受動）

例:
the team [handling the project] ← チームが「処理する」→ 能動 = Ving
the project [handled by the team] ← プロジェクトが「処理される」→ 受動 = Vpp

例文トレーニング

文1｜現在分詞（Ving）の分詞句

原文: The assistant [managing the client database] sent a summary report.

S = The assistant
V = sent
O = a summary report
[ ] = managing the client database ← assistantを修飾（能動）

→ [ ] を外すと「The assistant sent a summary report.」が残る。

文2｜過去分詞（Vpp）の分詞句

原文: The invoices [submitted by the regional offices] were processed (within two days).

S = The invoices
V = were processed
( ) = within two days
[ ] = submitted by the regional offices ← invoicesを修飾（受動）

→ invoices は「提出される側」なので過去分詞 submitted。

文3｜分詞句 + 前置詞句の組み合わせ

原文: The candidates [applying for the senior analyst position]must submit a portfolio (by the end of next month).

S = The candidates
V = must submit
O = a portfolio
[ ] = applying for the senior analyst position ← candidatesを修飾
( ) = by the end (of next month) ← いつまでに

→ 分詞句（Ving）は candidates が「応募する側」なので能動。

文4｜2つの分詞句が同じ名詞を修飾

原文: The software [developed by the engineering team][designed to improve workflow efficiency]was deployed (across all regional offices) (last quarter).

S = The software
V = was deployed
( ) = across all regional offices ← どこに
( ) = last quarter ← いつ
[ ] = developed by the engineering team ← softwareを修飾（受動）
[ ] = designed to improve workflow efficiency ← softwareを修飾（受動）

→ 2つの [ ] がどちらも software を修飾。外すと骨格が見える。

文5｜分詞句が主語の一部に含まれる文

原文: All employees [transferred to the new branch (in Osaka)]received a relocation allowance (from the company).

S = All employees
V = received
O = a relocation allowance
( ) = to the new branch (in Osaka) ← branchを修飾（入れ子の前置詞句）
( ) = from the company
[ ] = transferred to the new branch (in Osaka) ← employeesを修飾（受動）

→ employees は「異動させられる側」なので過去分詞 transferred（受動）。

実戦問題

構造を分解しながら空所を埋めましょう。

Q1. The research findings ------- by the university team contradicted the results of the earlier industry survey conducted in the previous fiscal year.

(A) published　(B) publishing　(C) to publish　(D) publish

Q2. The project team ------- on the overseas expansion initiative submitted its preliminary assessment to the board of directors last week.

(A) worked　(B) to work　(C) working　(D) works

Q3. The new equipment ------- specifically for high-temperature processing significantly reduced the rate of production errors.

(A) design　(B) designs　(C) designing　(D) designed

Q4. The consultant ------- at the international conference last month will lead the strategy workshop for our senior management team next week.

(A) spoke　(B) speaking　(C) to have spoken　(D) spoken

Q5. The guidelines ------- by the regulatory authority last year apply to all companies operating within the domestic financial market.

(A) issuing　(B) issue　(C) to issue　(D) issued

正解一覧