なぜやるか
Lesson 02で「後ろのカタチで判断する」方法を学びました。後ろが名詞なら前置詞、SVなら接続詞。これが基本です。
でも、実際のPart5では同じ意味の前置詞と接続詞がセットで出るパターンがよくあります。
例えば：
– 「〜にもかかわらず」→ despite（前置詞）と although（接続詞）
– 「〜の間」→ during（前置詞）と while（接続詞）
– 「〜なので」→ because of（前置詞）と because（接続詞）
これらは意味が同じなので、後ろのカタチだけで正解が決まる。つまり、この対照表を覚えれば、ほぼ自動的に解けます。
このLesson 3を終えると、「逆接ならdespite/although」「理由ならbecause of/because」と、意味と品詞をセットで即判断できるようになります。
攻略法
意味別：前置詞 vs 接続詞 対照表
| 意味 | 前置詞（後ろに名詞） | 接続詞（後ろにSV） |
|---|---|---|
| 〜の間 | during | while |
| 〜なので | because of / due to | because / since / as |
| 〜にもかかわらず | despite / in spite of | although / even though / though |
| 〜の前に | prior to / before | before |
| 〜の後に | after | after |
| 〜まで | until | until |
| 〜以来 | since | since |
覚え方: 前置詞は「1語 or 2語の短いもの」、接続詞は「1語のシンプルなもの」が多いです。before / after / until / since は両方の品詞で使えるので、後ろのカタチで判断します。
前置詞と接続詞の両用語
before / after / until / since は前置詞としても接続詞としても使えます。
| 語 | 前置詞として（後ろに名詞） | 接続詞として（後ろにSV） |
|---|---|---|
| before | before the meeting（会議の前に） | before the meeting starts（会議が始まる前に） |
| after | after the event（イベントの後に） | after the event ended（イベントが終わった後に） |
| until | until Friday（金曜まで） | until the work is done（仕事が終わるまで） |
| since | since 2020（2020年以来） | since he joined the team（彼がチームに参加して以来） |
これらの語は、後ろに名詞が来ても正解、SVが来ても正解。他の選択肢を消去して残ったものを選ぶパターンが多いです。
解法まとめ
- Step 1：空所の後ろのカタチを見る → 名詞なら前置詞、SVなら接続詞
- Step 2：意味を確認 → 対照表から該当する語を選ぶ
やり方
| ステップ | 内容 |
|---|---|
| 1 | 意味別対照表を3回読む |
| 2 | 表を閉じて「〜の間＝during/while」「〜にもかかわらず＝despite/although」を自分で言えるか確認する |
| 3 | 練習問題を解く |
| 4 | 間違えた問題の構造把握を読んで、もう一度解く |
対照表は完璧に暗記する必要はありません。「逆接＝despite/although」「理由＝because of/because」の3〜4ペアを覚えておけば、Part5では十分です。
練習問題（20問）
Q1. ------- the factory was undergoing renovations, all production activities were moved to a temporary facility nearby.
(A) During (B) While (C) Despite (D) Because of
Q1の解答・解説を見る
- (A) During → 前置詞（後ろに名詞が必要）。SVの前には置けない
- (C) Despite → 前置詞。意味も合わない（〜にもかかわらず）
- (D) Because of → 前置詞
(While the factory was undergoing renovations), all production activities V[were moved] (to a temporary facility nearby).
S[all production activities] V[were moved]
Q2. The outdoor awards ceremony proceeded as planned ------- the strong winds and cold temperatures throughout the evening.
(A) although (B) even though (C) despite (D) however
Q2の解答・解説を見る
- (A) although → 接続詞（後ろにSVが必要）
- (B) even though → 接続詞（後ろにSVが必要）
- (D) however → 副詞（接続機能なし）
S[The outdoor awards ceremony] V[proceeded] (as planned) (despite the strong winds and cold temperatures) (throughout the evening).
S[The outdoor awards ceremony] V[proceeded]
Q3. The marketing campaign was launched ahead of schedule ------- the creative team worked around the clock to meet the deadline.
(A) because (B) due to (C) despite (D) during
Q3の解答・解説を見る
- (B) due to → 前置詞（後ろに名詞が必要）
- (C) despite → 前置詞。意味も合わない（〜にもかかわらず）
- (D) during → 前置詞。意味も合わない（〜の間）
S[The marketing campaign] V[was launched] (ahead of schedule) (because the creative team worked around the clock (to meet the deadline)).
S[The marketing campaign] V[was launched]
Q4. All managers must submit their budget proposals ------- the quarterly planning meeting begins on Monday.
(A) until (B) during (C) before (D) while
Q4の解答・解説を見る
- (A) until → 接続詞として使えるが、「始まるまでずっと提出する」は意味が通らない。beforeが適切
- (B) during → 前置詞（後ろに名詞が必要）
- (D) while → 接続詞だが「〜の間」。会議が始まる前に提出する話なので合わない
All managers V[must submit] their budget proposals (before the quarterly planning meeting begins (on Monday)).
S[All managers] V[must submit]
Q5. ------- her limited experience in international markets, Ms. Tanaka was selected to lead the expansion project in Southeast Asia.
(A) Although (B) Even though (C) However (D) In spite of
Q5の解答・解説を見る
- (A) Although → 接続詞（後ろにSVが必要）
- (B) Even though → 接続詞（後ろにSVが必要）
- (C) However → 副詞（接続機能なし）
(In spite of her limited experience (in international markets)), S[Ms. Tanaka] V[was selected] to lead the expansion project (in Southeast Asia).
S[Ms. Tanaka] V[was selected]
Q6. The research lab has received significantly more funding ------- the government announced its new innovation policy last year.
(A) since (B) during (C) due to (D) despite
Q6の解答・解説を見る
- (B) during → 前置詞（後ろに名詞が必要）
- (C) due to → 前置詞（後ろに名詞が必要）
- (D) despite → 前置詞。意味も合わない
S[The research lab] V[has received] significantly more funding (since the government announced its new innovation policy (last year)).
S[The research lab] V[has received]
Q7. Customer satisfaction ratings improved dramatically ------- the implementation of the new online support system.
(A) because (B) since (C) after (D) while
Q7の解答・解説を見る
- (A) because → 接続詞（後ろにSVが必要）
- (B) since → 前置詞・接続詞どちらもあるが、sinceは「過去の起点」を表し主節に現在完了形が必要。ここは過去形なのでafterが適切
- (D) while → 接続詞（後ろにSVが必要）
S[Customer satisfaction ratings] V[improved] dramatically (after the implementation (of the new online support system)).
S[Customer satisfaction ratings] V[improved]
Q8. The conference room will not be available ------- the IT department finishes setting up the new video conferencing equipment.
(A) during (B) while (C) by (D) until
Q8の解答・解説を見る
- (A) during → 前置詞（後ろに名詞が必要）
- (B) while → 接続詞で「〜の間」。意味は近いが、「使えない状態が続く」→ 終了時点を明示する until がより正確
- (C) by → 前置詞（後ろに名詞が必要）
S[The conference room] V[will not be] available (until the IT department finishes setting up the new video conferencing equipment).
S[The conference room] V[will not be]
Q9. ------- increased competition from overseas manufacturers, the company maintained its market share through aggressive marketing.
(A) Although (B) Despite (C) Because (D) While
Q9の解答・解説を見る
- (A) Although → 接続詞（後ろにSVが必要）
- (C) Because → 接続詞（後ろにSVが必要）
- (D) While → 接続詞（後ろにSVが必要）
(Despite increased competition (from overseas manufacturers)), S[the company] V[maintained] its market share (through aggressive marketing).
S[the company] V[maintained]
Q10. Mr. Sato decided to postpone the product launch ------- several key features had not yet been tested thoroughly.
(A) due to (B) because (C) despite (D) in spite of
Q10の解答・解説を見る
- (A) due to → 前置詞（後ろに名詞が必要）
- (C) despite → 前置詞。意味も合わない（〜にもかかわらず）
- (D) in spite of → 前置詞。意味も合わない
S[Mr. Sato] V[decided] to postpone the product launch (because several key features had not yet been tested thoroughly).
S[Mr. Sato] V[decided]
Q11. The reception desk must be staffed at all times ------- regular business hours to assist walk-in clients.
(A) during (B) while (C) because of (D) although
Q11の解答・解説を見る
- (B) while → 接続詞（後ろにSVが必要）
- (C) because of → 前置詞だが「〜のせいで」。意味が合わない
- (D) although → 接続詞（後ろにSVが必要）
S[The reception desk] V[must be staffed] (at all times) (during regular business hours) (to assist walk-in clients).
S[The reception desk] V[must be staffed]
Q12. ------- the new software system initially caused some confusion among employees, productivity has increased by 20 percent over the past quarter.
(A) Despite (B) In spite of (C) Because of (D) Although
Q12の解答・解説を見る
- (A) Despite → 前置詞（後ろに名詞が必要）
- (B) In spite of → 前置詞（後ろに名詞が必要）
- (C) Because of → 前置詞（後ろに名詞が必要）。意味も合わない
(Although the new software system initially caused some confusion (among employees)), S[productivity] V[has increased] (by 20 percent) (over the past quarter).
S[productivity] V[has increased]
Q13. The annual company retreat was relocated to an indoor venue ------- the severe weather warnings issued by the local authorities.
(A) because of (B) because (C) although (D) despite
Q13の解答・解説を見る
- (B) because → 接続詞（後ろにSVが必要）
- (C) although → 接続詞（後ろにSVが必要）。意味も合わない
- (D) despite → 前置詞だが「〜にもかかわらず」。気象警報にもかかわらず屋内に移した、では論理が逆
S[The annual company retreat] V[was relocated] (to an indoor venue) (because of the severe weather warnings issued (by the local authorities)).
S[The annual company retreat] V[was relocated]
Q14. The branch office has reported a steady increase in foot traffic ------- the neighboring shopping complex opened three months ago.
(A) during (B) due to (C) while (D) since
Q14の解答・解説を見る
- (A) during → 前置詞（後ろに名詞が必要）
- (B) due to → 前置詞（後ろに名詞が必要）
- (C) while → 接続詞だが「〜の間」。過去の起点を示す場面ではsinceが適切
S[The branch office] V[has reported] a steady increase (in foot traffic) (since the neighboring shopping complex opened (three months ago)).
S[The branch office] V[has reported]
Q15. ------- the accounting team was reviewing the quarterly figures, several discrepancies in the expense reports were identified.
(A) During (B) While (C) Despite (D) Because of
Q15の解答・解説を見る
- (A) During → 前置詞（後ろに名詞が必要）
- (C) Despite → 前置詞（後ろに名詞が必要）。意味も合わない
- (D) Because of → 前置詞（後ろに名詞が必要）
(While the accounting team was reviewing the quarterly figures), S[several discrepancies] (in the expense reports) V[were identified].
S[several discrepancies] V[were identified]
Q16. All travel expense claims must be submitted ------- the last business day of each month to ensure timely reimbursement.
(A) prior to (B) although (C) because of (D) while
Q16の解答・解説を見る
- (B) although → 接続詞（後ろにSVが必要）。意味も合わない
- (C) because of → 前置詞だが「〜のせいで」。意味が合わない
- (D) while → 接続詞（後ろにSVが必要）
S[All travel expense claims] V[must be submitted] (prior to the last business day (of each month)) (to ensure timely reimbursement).
S[All travel expense claims] V[must be submitted]
Q17. ------- the building renovation caused significant noise throughout the day, most employees chose to continue working in the office rather than from home.
(A) Despite (B) In spite of (C) Even though (D) Due to
Q17の解答・解説を見る
- (A) Despite → 前置詞（後ろに名詞が必要）
- (B) In spite of → 前置詞（後ろに名詞が必要）
- (D) Due to → 前置詞（後ろに名詞が必要）。意味も合わない
(Even though the building renovation caused significant noise (throughout the day)), S[most employees] V[chose] to continue working (in the office) rather than (from home).
S[most employees] V[chose]
Q18. Employees are advised to keep their identification badges visible at all times ------- the completion of the new security system installation.
(A) although (B) because (C) while (D) until
Q18の解答・解説を見る
- (A) although → 接続詞（後ろにSVが必要）。意味も合わない
- (B) because → 接続詞（後ろにSVが必要）
- (C) while → 接続詞（後ろにSVが必要）
S[Employees] V[are advised] to keep their identification badges visible (at all times) (until the completion (of the new security system installation)).
S[Employees] V[are advised]
Q19. The logistics team began processing international orders more efficiently ------- the company adopted a new inventory management platform.
(A) due to (B) after (C) during (D) despite
Q19の解答・解説を見る
- (A) due to → 前置詞（後ろに名詞が必要）
- (C) during → 前置詞（後ろに名詞が必要）
- (D) despite → 前置詞（後ろに名詞が必要）。意味も合わない
S[The logistics team] V[began] processing international orders more efficiently (after the company adopted a new inventory management platform).
S[The logistics team] V[began]
Q20. ------- the repeated delays in receiving raw materials from overseas suppliers, the manufacturing plant managed to fulfill all orders on time.
(A) Although (B) Because (C) Despite (D) Since
Q20の解答・解説を見る
- (A) Although → 接続詞（後ろにSVが必要）
- (B) Because → 接続詞（後ろにSVが必要）。意味も合わない
- (D) Since → 接続詞（後ろにSVが必要）。意味も合わない
(Despite the repeated delays (in receiving raw materials (from overseas suppliers))), S[the manufacturing plant] V[managed] to fulfill all orders (on time).
S[the manufacturing plant] V[managed]