なぜやるか
Part5の30問のうち、代名詞問題は毎回0〜2問出ます。
代名詞問題は、選択肢を見た瞬間にわかります。he / his / him / himself のように、同じ代名詞の形違いが並んでいるからです。
そして、解き方もシンプルです。空所の位置を見れば、どの形（格）が入るか決まる。知識があれば5秒で解けます。
しかも、代名詞の知識はPart5だけでなく、英文を読むとき全般に必要です。「this refers to ___」のように代名詞が何を指しているかを理解する力は、Part7の読解にも直結します。
このLesson 4を終えると、主格・所有格・目的格の3つを空所の位置から即判断できるようになります。
攻略法
人称代名詞の格変化表
| 人称 | 主格 | 所有格 | 目的格 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 一人称単数 | I | my | me |
| 一人称複数 | we | our | us |
| 二人称 | you | your | you |
| 三人称男性 | he | his | him |
| 三人称女性 | she | her | her |
| 三人称中性 | it | its | it |
| 三人称複数 | they | their | them |
まずはこの表を覚えてください。特に所有格と目的格が同じ形の her（she の所有格 / 目的格）に注意。
3つの格の判断ポイント
| 空所の位置 | 必要な格 | 例 |
|---|---|---|
| 述語動詞の前（主語の位置） | 主格 | She approved the proposal. |
| 名詞の前 | 所有格 | Her proposal was approved. |
| 動詞・前置詞の後ろ | 目的格 | The manager approved her. / sent it to her. |
2ステップ解法
- Step 1：選択肢を見る → 代名詞の格変化が並んでいる → 代名詞問題と判断
- Step 2：空所の位置を確認する
→ 動詞の前（主語） → 主格
→ 名詞の前 → 所有格
→ 動詞・前置詞の後ろ → 目的格
例題で確認しましょう。
The team leader asked ------- to prepare a summary of the project.
選択肢：(A) she (B) her (C) hers (D) herself
Step 1: 選択肢が she/her/hers/herself → 代名詞問題。
Step 2: “asked -------” → 他動詞 asked の後ろ → 目的格 → (B) her ✓
やり方
| ステップ | 内容 |
|---|---|
| 1 | 格変化表を3回読んで覚える |
| 2 | 「主語→主格、名詞の前→所有格、動詞・前置詞の後→目的格」を声に出して確認 |
| 3 | 練習問題を解く |
| 4 | 間違えた問題は構造把握まで読んでから、もう一度解く |
8割正解できたら次のレッスンへ。格変化表は繰り返し見ているうちに自然に覚えます。
練習問題（20問）
Q1. Ms. Park submitted ------- resignation letter to the HR department last Friday.
(A) she (B) her (C) hers (D) herself
Q1の解答・解説を見る
- (A) she → 主格。主語の位置に使う
- (C) hers → 所有代名詞（〜のもの）。後ろに名詞を置けない
- (D) herself → 再帰代名詞。ここでは名詞の前の修飾語が必要
S[Ms. Park] V[submitted] her resignation letter (to the HR department) (last Friday).
S[Ms. Park] V[submitted]
Q2. The clients were impressed with the presentation, so ------- decided to sign the contract immediately.
(A) they (B) their (C) them (D) themselves
Q2の解答・解説を見る
- (B) their → 所有格。名詞の前に使う
- (C) them → 目的格。動詞・前置詞の後ろに使う
- (D) themselves → 再帰代名詞
S[The clients] V[were impressed] (with the presentation), so S[they] V[decided] to sign the contract immediately.
S[they] V[decided]
Q3. The project coordinator asked the designers to send all updated files directly to -------.
(A) he (B) his (C) him (D) himself
Q3の解答・解説を見る
- (A) he → 主格。主語の位置に使う
- (B) his → 所有格。名詞の前に使う
- (D) himself → 再帰代名詞。主語（the designers）と目的語が別人物なので不可
S[The project coordinator] V[asked] the designers to send all updated files directly (to him).
S[The project coordinator] V[asked]
Q4. After reviewing the candidates, the hiring committee selected Mr. Kim because ------- experience in supply chain management was extensive.
(A) he (B) his (C) him (D) himself
Q4の解答・解説を見る
- (A) he → 主格。主語の位置に使う
- (C) him → 目的格。動詞・前置詞の後ろに使う
- (D) himself → 再帰代名詞
(After reviewing the candidates), S[the hiring committee] V[selected] Mr. Kim (because his experience (in supply chain management) was extensive).
S[the hiring committee] V[selected]
Q5. The CEO will announce the merger during ------- address at the annual shareholders’ meeting next week.
(A) she (B) her (C) hers (D) herself
Q5の解答・解説を見る
- (A) she → 主格
- (C) hers → 所有代名詞（後ろに名詞を置けない）
- (D) herself → 再帰代名詞
S[The CEO] V[will announce] the merger (during her address (at the annual shareholders’ meeting) (next week)).
S[The CEO] V[will announce]
Q6. The supervisor gave ------- positive feedback on the quarterly sales performance.
(A) they (B) their (C) them (D) themselves
Q6の解答・解説を見る
- (A) they → 主格
- (B) their → 所有格。名詞の前に使う
- (D) themselves → 再帰代名詞。主語（The supervisor）と目的語が別人物なので不可
S[The supervisor] V[gave] them positive feedback (on the quarterly sales performance).
S[The supervisor] V[gave]
Q7. When Ms. Yamamoto arrives at the office, please tell ------- that the meeting has been moved to Conference Room B.
(A) she (B) her (C) hers (D) herself
Q7の解答・解説を見る
- (A) she → 主格
- (C) hers → 所有代名詞
- (D) herself → 再帰代名詞。主語（you・命令文）と目的語が別人物なので不可
(When Ms. Yamamoto arrives (at the office)), please V[tell] her (that the meeting has been moved (to Conference Room B)).
S[you（省略）] V[tell]
Q8. Mr. Chen has been with the company for over ten years, and ------- contributions to the engineering team have been invaluable.
(A) he (B) him (C) himself (D) his
Q8の解答・解説を見る
- (A) he → 主格
- (B) him → 目的格
- (C) himself → 再帰代名詞
S[Mr. Chen] V[has been] (with the company) (for over ten years), and S[his contributions (to the engineering team)] V[have been] invaluable.
S[his contributions] V[have been]
Q9. The marketing team presented ------- proposal to the board of directors, and it was approved without any revisions.
(A) it (B) itself (C) them (D) its
Q9の解答・解説を見る
- (A) it → 主格（または目的格）。名詞の前の修飾語にはならない
- (B) itself → 再帰代名詞
- (C) them → 目的格（複数）。名詞の前の修飾語にはならない
S[The marketing team] V[presented] its proposal (to the board of directors), and S[it] V[was approved] (without any revisions).
S[The marketing team] V[presented]
Q10. If ------- have any questions about the new expense policy, please contact the accounting department directly.
(A) you (B) your (C) yours (D) yourself
Q10の解答・解説を見る
- (B) your → 所有格。名詞の前に使う
- (C) yours → 所有代名詞（〜のもの）
- (D) yourself → 再帰代名詞
(If you have any questions (about the new expense policy)), please V[contact] the accounting department directly.
S[you（省略）] V[contact]
Q11. Although the initial budget was limited, ------- managed to complete the renovation project on schedule.
(A) they (B) their (C) them (D) themselves
Q11の解答・解説を見る
- (B) their → 所有格。名詞の前に使う
- (C) them → 目的格。動詞・前置詞の後ろに使う
- (D) themselves → 再帰代名詞
(Although the initial budget was limited), S[they] V[managed] to complete the renovation project (on schedule).
S[they] V[managed]
Q12. The vice president of operations will contact ------- regarding the updated safety regulations before the end of this week.
(A) we (B) our (C) us (D) ourselves
Q12の解答・解説を見る
- (A) we → 主格。主語の位置に使う
- (B) our → 所有格。名詞の前に使う
- (D) ourselves → 再帰代名詞。主語（The vice president）と目的語が別人物なので不可
S[The vice president (of operations)] V[will contact] us (regarding the updated safety regulations) (before the end of this week).
S[The vice president] V[will contact]
Q13. Once ------- has reviewed all the vendor proposals, the procurement manager will select the most cost-effective option.
(A) she (B) hers (C) her (D) herself
Q13の解答・解説を見る
- (B) hers → 所有代名詞（〜のもの）。主語にはならない
- (C) her → 所有格または目的格。主語の位置では使えない
- (D) herself → 再帰代名詞
(Once S[she] V[has reviewed] all the vendor proposals), S[the procurement manager] V[will select] the most cost-effective option.
S[she] V[has reviewed]
Q14. The conference organizer prepared name badges for all attendees and distributed ------- at the registration desk.
(A) they (B) their (C) them (D) themselves
Q14の解答・解説を見る
- (A) they → 主格。主語の位置に使う
- (B) their → 所有格。名詞の前に使う
- (D) themselves → 再帰代名詞。主語（The conference organizer）と指す対象（name badges）が異なるので不可
S[The conference organizer] V[prepared] name badges (for all attendees) and V[distributed] them (at the registration desk).
S[The conference organizer] V[distributed]
Q15. Before finalizing the budget proposal, the finance director asked the team to send all supporting documents to -------.
(A) she (B) herself (C) her (D) hers
Q15の解答・解説を見る
- (A) she → 主格。主語の位置に使う
- (B) herself → 再帰代名詞。主語（the team）と目的語が別人物なので不可
- (D) hers → 所有代名詞（〜のもの）
(Before finalizing the budget proposal), S[the finance director] V[asked] the team to send all supporting documents (to her).
S[the finance director] V[asked]
Q16. The new software system processes customer orders automatically and forwards ------- to the warehouse within minutes.
(A) it (B) them (C) its (D) itself
Q16の解答・解説を見る
- (A) it → 主格または目的格だが単数。orders（複数）を受けるには不適切
- (C) its → 所有格。名詞の前に使う
- (D) itself → 再帰代名詞
S[The new software system] V[processes] customer orders automatically and V[forwards] them (to the warehouse) (within minutes).
S[The new software system] V[forwards]
Q17. ------- are expected to submit a detailed progress report to the project manager by the end of each month.
(A) We (B) Our (C) Us (D) Ourselves
Q17の解答・解説を見る
- (B) Our → 所有格。名詞の前に使う
- (C) Us → 目的格。動詞・前置詞の後ろに使う
- (D) Ourselves → 再帰代名詞
S[We] V[are expected] to submit a detailed progress report (to the project manager) (by the end of each month).
S[We] V[are expected]
Q18. The training coordinator notified all participants that ------- should bring a laptop to the workshop on Monday.
(A) their (B) themselves (C) theirs (D) they
Q18の解答・解説を見る
- (A) their → 所有格。名詞の前に使う
- (B) themselves → 再帰代名詞
- (C) theirs → 所有代名詞（〜のもの）
S[The training coordinator] V[notified] all participants (that S[they] V[should bring] a laptop (to the workshop) (on Monday)).
S[they] V[should bring]
Q19. The regional sales manager visited each store location and personally thanked ------- for exceeding the quarterly targets.
(A) they (B) their (C) them (D) themselves
Q19の解答・解説を見る
- (A) they → 主格。主語の位置に使う
- (B) their → 所有格。名詞の前に使う
- (D) themselves → 再帰代名詞。主語（The regional sales manager）と目的語が別人物なので不可
S[The regional sales manager] V[visited] each store location and personally V[thanked] them (for exceeding the quarterly targets).
S[The regional sales manager] V[thanked]
Q20. Because Mr. Tanaka was unavailable, the receptionist left a message for ------- about the rescheduled appointment.
(A) himself (B) his (C) he (D) him
Q20の解答・解説を見る
- (A) himself → 再帰代名詞。主語（the receptionist）と目的語が別人物なので不可
- (B) his → 所有格。名詞の前に使う
- (C) he → 主格。主語の位置に使う
(Because Mr. Tanaka was unavailable), S[the receptionist] V[left] a message (for him) (about the rescheduled appointment).
S[the receptionist] V[left]