なぜやるか
Lesson 04では、主格・所有格・目的格の3つを学びました。代名詞問題の8割はこの3つで解けます。
残りの2割が、今回学ぶ再帰代名詞と所有代名詞です。
再帰代名詞（himself / themselves 等）は、TOEICのPart5でひっかけの選択肢として頻繁に登場します。「主格・所有格・目的格のどれでもないな…」と迷ったときに、再帰代名詞を選んでしまうパターンが多いです。
逆に言えば、再帰代名詞を選ぶ明確な条件を知っていれば、迷わず正解にたどり着けます。
このLesson 5を終えると、代名詞問題の5つの格（主格・所有格・目的格・再帰代名詞・所有代名詞）を全て使い分けて解けるようになります。
攻略法
再帰代名詞の一覧
| 人称 | 再帰代名詞 |
|---|---|
| 一人称単数 | myself |
| 一人称複数 | ourselves |
| 二人称（単数/複数） | yourself / yourselves |
| 三人称男性 | himself |
| 三人称女性 | herself |
| 三人称中性 | itself |
| 三人称複数 | themselves |
再帰代名詞を選ぶ2つの条件
条件①：主語と目的語が同じ人物（再帰用法）
Mr. Lee introduced himself to the new employees.
（リーさんは新しい社員たちに自分自身を紹介しました。）
主語が Mr. Lee、目的語も Mr. Lee（同一人物）→ himself
条件②：「自ら・自分自身で」の強調（強調用法）
The CEO herself approved the budget.
（CEO自ら予算を承認しました。）
「他の誰でもなく本人が」と強調する → herself
判断のコツ: 再帰代名詞を取り除いても文が成立する場合は「強調用法」。成立しない場合は「再帰用法」。
再帰代名詞の重要表現
| 表現 | 意味 |
|---|---|
| by oneself | 1人で・独力で |
| in itself | それ自体では |
| for oneself | 自分のために |
所有代名詞
所有代名詞は「〜のもの」という意味で、後ろに名詞を置かずに単独で使う代名詞です。
| 人称 | 所有格（＋名詞） | 所有代名詞（単独） |
|---|---|---|
| 一人称単数 | my book | mine |
| 一人称複数 | our office | ours |
| 二人称 | your car | yours |
| 三人称男性 | his idea | his |
| 三人称女性 | her report | hers |
| 三人称複数 | their plan | theirs |
所有格 vs 所有代名詞の見分け方: 空所の後ろに名詞がある → 所有格（my/your/his等）。空所の後ろに名詞がない → 所有代名詞（mine/yours/his等）。
判断フローまとめ
- Step 1：選択肢が代名詞の格変化 → 代名詞問題と判断
- Step 2：空所の位置で判断
→ 動詞の前（主語） → 主格
→ 名詞の前 → 所有格
→ 動詞・前置詞の後ろ → 目的格
→ 主語と目的語が同一人物 or 強調 → 再帰代名詞
→ 「〜のもの」（後ろに名詞なし） → 所有代名詞
やり方
| ステップ | 内容 |
|---|---|
| 1 | 再帰代名詞の2つの条件（再帰用法・強調用法）を理解する |
| 2 | 所有代名詞の「後ろに名詞がない→所有代名詞」ルールを確認する |
| 3 | 練習問題を解く |
| 4 | 間違えた問題は構造把握まで読んでから、もう一度解く |
再帰代名詞は「選ぶ条件を知っているかどうか」がポイント。条件に当てはまらなければ、再帰代名詞は不正解です。
練習問題（20問）
Q1. Since the office printer was broken, Ms. Ito went to the copy center to make the copies -------.
(A) she (B) her (C) hers (D) herself
Q1の解答・解説を見る
- (A) she → 主格。ここは主語の位置ではない
- (B) her → 目的格。make the copies の目的語は copies で既にある
- (C) hers → 所有代名詞。意味が通らない
(Since the office printer was broken), S[Ms. Ito] V[went] (to the copy center) (to make the copies herself).
S[Ms. Ito] V[went]
Q2. The board members discussed the proposal among ------- before making a final decision.
(A) they (B) their (C) them (D) themselves
Q2の解答・解説を見る
- (A) they → 主格。前置詞の後ろには使えない
- (B) their → 所有格。名詞の前に使う
- (C) them → 目的格。使えなくはないが、主語と同一人物を指す場合は再帰代名詞が正しい
S[The board members] V[discussed] the proposal (among themselves) (before making a final decision).
S[The board members] V[discussed]
Q3. The report on last quarter’s earnings was completed by Mr. Oda, but the graphs included in it were created by a colleague of -------.
(A) he (B) his (C) him (D) himself
Q3の解答・解説を見る
- (A) he → 主格。前置詞の後ろには使えない
- (C) him → 目的格。a colleague of him とは言わない（a colleague of his が正しい形）
- (D) himself → 再帰代名詞。「彼自身の同僚」は意味が不自然
S[The report (on last quarter’s earnings)] V[was completed] (by Mr. Oda), but S[the graphs (included (in it))] V[were created] (by a colleague (of his)).
S[the graphs] V[were created]
Q4. The new interns were asked to familiarize ------- with the company’s safety guidelines before starting work.
(A) they (B) their (C) them (D) themselves
Q4の解答・解説を見る
- (A) they → 主格。目的語の位置には使えない
- (B) their → 所有格。名詞の前に使う
- (C) them → 目的格。主語と目的語が同一人物の場合は再帰代名詞を使う
S[The new interns] V[were asked] to familiarize themselves (with the company’s safety guidelines) (before starting work).
S[The new interns] V[were asked]
Q5. The company’s annual report is available on the website, and printed copies can be requested from the public relations department if ------- are needed.
(A) they (B) their (C) them (D) themselves
Q5の解答・解説を見る
- (B) their → 所有格。名詞の前に使う
- (C) them → 目的格。主語の位置には使えない
- (D) themselves → 再帰代名詞。ここは主語が必要
S[The company’s annual report] V[is] available (on the website), and S[printed copies] V[can be requested] (from the public relations department) (if they are needed).
S[they] V[are needed]
Q6. The furniture in the reception area was selected by the interior designer -------.
(A) she (B) her (C) hers (D) herself
Q6の解答・解説を見る
- (A) she → 主格。ここは主語の位置ではない
- (B) her → 目的格。文は既に成立しており、追加の目的語は不要
- (C) hers → 所有代名詞。意味が通らない
S[The furniture (in the reception area)] V[was selected] (by the interior designer herself).
S[The furniture] V[was selected]
Q7. We submitted our budget proposal yesterday, but the finance team has not reviewed ------- yet.
(A) our (B) ours (C) ourselves (D) we
Q7の解答・解説を見る
- (A) our → 所有格。後ろに名詞が必要（our proposal等）
- (C) ourselves → 再帰代名詞。主語（the finance team）と目的語（we）が別人物なので不可
- (D) we → 主格。目的語の位置には使えない
S[We] V[submitted] our budget proposal (yesterday), but S[the finance team] V[has not reviewed] ours yet.
S[the finance team] V[has not reviewed]
Q8. All employees must submit ------- time sheets to the payroll department by the last business day of each month.
(A) they (B) their (C) them (D) themselves
Q8の解答・解説を見る
- (A) they → 主格。名詞の前の修飾語にはならない
- (C) them → 目的格。名詞の前の修飾語にはならない
- (D) themselves → 再帰代名詞。名詞の前の修飾語にはならない
All employees V[must submit] their time sheets (to the payroll department) (by the last business day (of each month)).
S[All employees] V[must submit]
Q9. The consulting firm prides ------- on delivering customized solutions to every client.
(A) it (B) its (C) itself (D) them
Q9の解答・解説を見る
- (A) it → 目的格。主語と目的語が同一人物の場合は再帰代名詞を使う
- (B) its → 所有格。名詞の前に使う
- (D) them → 目的格（複数）。The consulting firm は単数
S[The consulting firm] V[prides] itself (on delivering customized solutions (to every client)).
S[The consulting firm] V[prides]
Q10. The deadline for the project was set by the client, not by -------.
(A) we (B) our (C) us (D) ourselves
Q10の解答・解説を見る
- (A) we → 主格。前置詞の後ろには使えない
- (B) our → 所有格。名詞の前に使う
- (D) ourselves → 再帰代名詞。主語（The deadline / the client）と “us” が同一人物ではないため不可
S[The deadline (for the project)] V[was set] (by the client), not (by us).
S[The deadline] V[was set]
Q11. The marketing division completed the campaign ahead of schedule, and the sales team praised ------- for the outstanding results.
(A) them (B) their (C) theirs (D) themselves
Q11の解答・解説を見る
- (B) their → 所有格。名詞の前に使う
- (C) theirs → 所有代名詞。動詞の目的語としては不適切
- (D) themselves → 再帰代名詞。主語（the sales team）と目的語（the marketing division）が別人物なので不可
S[The marketing division] V[completed] the campaign (ahead of schedule), and S[the sales team] V[praised] them (for the outstanding results).
S[the sales team] V[praised]
Q12. The conference room on the third floor is temporarily unavailable, so please use ------- on the second floor instead.
(A) ours (B) our (C) we (D) ourselves
Q12の解答・解説を見る
- (B) our → 所有格。後ろに名詞が必要（our room等）
- (C) we → 主格。目的語の位置には使えない
- (D) ourselves → 再帰代名詞。主語（you＝命令文）と目的語（we）が別人物なので不可
S[The conference room (on the third floor)] V[is] temporarily unavailable, so V[please use] ours (on the second floor) instead.
S[（you）] V[please use]
Q13. Mr. Tanaka asked the IT department to send the software license agreement directly to -------.
(A) him (B) his (C) he (D) himself
Q13の解答・解説を見る
- (B) his → 所有格。名詞の前に使う
- (C) he → 主格。前置詞の後ろには使えない
- (D) himself → 再帰代名詞。send の意味上の主語（the IT department）と目的語（Mr. Tanaka）が別人物なので不可
S[Mr. Tanaka] V[asked] the IT department to send the software license agreement directly (to him).
S[Mr. Tanaka] V[asked]
Q14. Several clients have already submitted their expense reports, but Ms. Park has not yet submitted -------.
(A) she (B) her (C) hers (D) herself
Q14の解答・解説を見る
- (A) she → 主格。目的語の位置には使えない
- (B) her → 目的格/所有格。目的格として使うと「彼女自身を提出した」で意味不明。所有格なら後ろに名詞が必要
- (D) herself → 再帰代名詞。「自分自身を提出した」では意味が通らない
S[Several clients] V[have submitted] their expense reports, but S[Ms. Park] V[has not yet submitted] hers.
S[Ms. Park] V[has not yet submitted]
Q15. The warehouse supervisor will inspect the shipment and notify ------- if any items are damaged.
(A) our (B) ours (C) us (D) ourselves
Q15の解答・解説を見る
- (A) our → 所有格。名詞の前に使う
- (B) ours → 所有代名詞。notify の目的語としては不適切
- (D) ourselves → 再帰代名詞。主語（The warehouse supervisor）と目的語（us）が別人物なので不可
S[The warehouse supervisor] V[will inspect] the shipment and V[notify] us (if any items are damaged).
S[The warehouse supervisor] V[will inspect] … and V[notify]
Q16. The proposal from the Tokyo office was strong, but ------- from the Osaka branch was ultimately selected.
(A) their (B) theirs (C) them (D) themselves
Q16の解答・解説を見る
- (A) their → 所有格。後ろに名詞が必要（their proposal等）
- (C) them → 目的格。主語の位置には使えない
- (D) themselves → 再帰代名詞。主語の位置で単独では使えない
S[The proposal (from the Tokyo office)] V[was] strong, but S[theirs (from the Osaka branch)] V[was selected] ultimately.
S[theirs] V[was selected]
Q17. All regional managers should review the updated compliance manual and confirm that ------- have read it in full.
(A) their (B) them (C) they (D) themselves
Q17の解答・解説を見る
- (A) their → 所有格。名詞の前に使う
- (B) them → 目的格。主語の位置には使えない
- (D) themselves → 再帰代名詞。主語の位置で単独では使えない
S[All regional managers] V[should review] the updated compliance manual and V[confirm] (that they have read it (in full)).
S[they] V[have read]
Q18. The catering order for the annual banquet was placed by Ms. Rivera, so any changes should be directed to -------.
(A) her (B) hers (C) she (D) herself
Q18の解答・解説を見る
- (B) hers → 所有代名詞。前置詞 to の後ろで「彼女のもの」では意味が通らない
- (C) she → 主格。前置詞の後ろには使えない
- (D) herself → 再帰代名詞。主語（any changes）と目的語（Ms. Rivera）が別物なので不可
S[The catering order (for the annual banquet)] V[was placed] (by Ms. Rivera), so S[any changes] V[should be directed] (to her).
S[any changes] V[should be directed]
Q19. Our delivery trucks have a maximum capacity of two tons, but ------- can carry up to five tons per trip.
(A) their (B) theirs (C) them (D) themselves
Q19の解答・解説を見る
- (A) their → 所有格。後ろに名詞が必要（their trucks等）
- (C) them → 目的格。主語の位置には使えない
- (D) themselves → 再帰代名詞。主語の位置で単独では使えない
S[Our delivery trucks] V[have] a maximum capacity (of two tons), but S[theirs] V[can carry] (up to five tons) (per trip).
S[theirs] V[can carry]
Q20. Before the merger is finalized, the legal team will contact ------- to discuss the remaining terms of the agreement.
(A) we (B) our (C) ourselves (D) us
Q20の解答・解説を見る
- (A) we → 主格。目的語の位置には使えない
- (B) our → 所有格。名詞の前に使う
- (C) ourselves → 再帰代名詞。主語（the legal team）と目的語（us）が別人物なので不可
(Before the merger is finalized), S[the legal team] V[will contact] us (to discuss the remaining terms (of the agreement)).
S[the legal team] V[will contact]